Herding cows: how to do it correctly and where it is possible when they are taken out to graze

Proper management of cows without grazing

It is possible to keep healthy dairy cows without grazing.
This requires a small walking area (minimum 15 m2 per cow) and provision of the animal with mowed grass. Example(!): On my farm, not far from my house, there is a summer house - it is also a walking area and the cows sleep and milk there in the warm season. This makes the cows more comfortable - fresh air, freedom of movement and sun.

To keep one dairy cow without grazing, you need a plot of land of at least 15 m2, and preferably 20-25 m2. If there are more animals, then for each additional cow another 5 m2 is added (optimally 7-8 m2).

The ban on raising livestock in the country: which animals are affected and what the consequences may be

On September 20, the Supreme Court (SC) of Russia confirmed the ban on raising farm animals, including chickens, in garden plots. Violators face a fine of at least 10 thousand rubles. Meanwhile, the issue of keeping livestock on plots is very relevant for summer residents of the Moscow region. Experts told RIAMO details about the decision of the Supreme Court and its consequences.

We sorted it out like neighbors

The basis for the high-profile court decision was a dispute between neighbors in their dachas: one of them complained that he was being disturbed by farm animals on the other’s property. The plaintiff and defendant reached the Supreme Court, which made a decision to ban the keeping of such animals in garden plots. The defendant was fined ten thousand rubles.

As Oksana Vasilyeva, associate professor of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activities of the Financial University under the Government of Russia and candidate of legal sciences, says in an interview with RIAMO, the reason why the defendant lost the trial was his use of the land plot for other purposes.

“All sites in Russia have this purpose. It determines the maximum and minimum sizes of plots, the possibility of placing buildings there, as well as the types of activities that can be carried out there,” explains Vasilyeva.

According to the head of the department of residential mortgage lending and financial instruments of the real estate market at the Financial University under the Government of Russia, Alexander Tsyganov, the obligation of owners to use land in accordance with its intended purpose is stated in Article 42 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation.

Thus, the lands of garden non-profit partnerships (SNT) and dacha non-profit partnerships (DNT), as a rule, are intended for gardening and vegetable gardening for personal purposes, although there are other options. But it is impossible to engage in livestock farming on land plots of SNT and DNT - this was confirmed by the Supreme Court of Russia in its decision.

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Minipig loophole

As Alexander Tsyganov says, the targeted nature of land use is very important. If the goals defined by the documents are not taken into account, conflicts and even the demolition of illegal buildings are inevitable. They often try to use the lands of SNT and DNT for other purposes - for example, to build apartment buildings there, which clearly infringes on the rights of neighbors.

“Of course, such buildings are inappropriate in gardening, as well as industrial forges, car repair centers and hotels,” explains RIAMO’s interlocutor.

It is equally inappropriate to breed farm animals on an industrial scale near gardens and dachas, because it involves the construction of cowsheds, pigsties, stables, poultry houses and rabbit hutches.

“The ban on breeding farm animals in SNT and DNT is quite understandable: city residents come to their dachas to relax and admire the flowers. At the same time, not every person is ready to wake up to the crowing of a rooster or the mooing of a cow,” says Oksana Vasilyeva.

Violators of this prohibition face liability under Article 8.8 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation: for individuals this is a fine in the amount of 0.5% to 1% of the cadastral value of the land plot, but not less than 10 thousand rubles. If the cadastral value of the site is not determined, then violating citizens will have to pay a fine of 10 thousand to 20 thousand rubles.

“However, today everyone can legally keep decorative rabbits and chickens, as well as mini pigs, at home. The difference between them and farm animals is small,” notes Alexander Tsyganov.

In addition, beekeeping is not prohibited in dachas.

“Need a boat”: what summer residents near Moscow should do in case of flooding>>

Divorce according to the law

For those who want to breed farm animals - from chickens, geese and other poultry to goats, cows and sheep - Oksana Vasilyeva advises taking a closer look at the lands of rural settlements (for individual housing construction - individual housing construction), where such activities are permitted. This is explained, in particular, by sanitary standards: the size of land plots for individual housing construction is much larger than in SNT and DNT.

“Village life cannot be imagined without animals. As a rule, many residents of a village or village have them. Therefore, if you decide to engage in livestock farming, you need to buy a plot of land for individual housing construction,” says Oksana Vasilyeva.

However, as for the issue of farm animals in SNT and DNT, there may be a controversial point, notes lawyer Alena Danilova. They were banned from breeding in dachas, but at what volumes exactly industrial cultivation begins has not yet been fully determined. However, according to the specialist, with active breeding of animals, the farm will inevitably expand to such a size that violation of the law becomes obvious.

If the owner of a plot in SNT or DNT absolutely needs to start breeding animals, then it is necessary to change the purpose of using the land, for example, to a personal subsidiary plot (LPH), says Alexander Tsyganov.

“Another way is to negotiate with neighbors, understanding that an undetected violation at some point may become apparent and serve as a source of a fine. At the same time, Rosreestr has been using unmanned drones to detect violations since 2022,” notes the RIAMO interlocutor.

Meanwhile, according to Tsyganov, the ban on breeding farm animals in SNT and DNT serves another, global goal. Today, in the suburbs of large cities, there is a growing trend towards turning garden houses into places of permanent residence. And the understanding that an inconvenient neighbor with a possible source of noise and stench will not appear next to housing is clearly necessary for the development of SNT as residential villages.

Life hacks for a dacha: how to turn a plot of land near Moscow into a resort>>

Advantages of grazing cattle

Pasture keeping of cattle is practiced in almost all latitudes of the globe. It’s just that somewhere this process occurs year-round, and in most regions of our country - during the 3-4 warmest months. Transferring cattle to pasture housing, even for such a short period, has many advantages compared to stall housing:

Reduction in cost by 25-30%. Green grass is the cheapest food. It costs 2-3 times less than any analogue for stall housing, therefore the profitability of dairy or meat production will be higher.
High biological value of green herbs. Grazing livestock on such a feed base produces high milk yields - up to 20 kilograms or more - and an intensive increase in meat mass.
Productivity. Milk yield not only increases by 25-30%, but the product itself becomes more valuable - it contains a lot of carotene, the milk is fattier and tastier. It is not for nothing that Alpine and Dutch milk is considered the best, while the product obtained from cows receiving silage has low taste characteristics.
Animal health. When grazing on pasture, the consequences of unbalanced nutrition during the stall period are eliminated.
Positive effect on reproduction. Fertility rates are higher, offspring are born more viable, and overall there are fewer complications during calving.

Restoring the food supply

With intensive grazing, pastures are depleted. In order to restore and increase their productivity, the following methods are used:

sowing seeds with preliminary soil treatment;
sowing seeds without tilling the soil layer to the depth of the seeder;
surface sowing of seeds before the rainy period;
fertilization with mineral complexes and nitrogen compounds;
flooding with melt water in the spring.

Each of these methods will increase the efficiency of the pasture feed supply by 35-40%. But the most effective is complex improvement, that is, a combination of several methods. This way you can increase pasture productivity by 2-3 times.

Society

With the beginning of the grazing season in the regional center, for several years in a row, the problem of stray stray cattle has become acute. From spring to autumn, herds of goats, sheep, cows and even herds of horses walk freely along the streets of the village. They trample lawns, destroy flower beds, young green spaces, and wander into gardens and vegetable gardens, causing considerable damage to their owners. Often, stray homeless cattle create an emergency situation on the streets of the village and on the highway passing nearby, endangering not only their lives, but also the lives and health of people participating in the movement. Goats have been roaming in the regional center for a long time, since Soviet times. They were never grazed, although they should have been. But the outrages with sheep and cows began to happen three or four years ago. There were no more people willing to be hired as shepherds. The number of livestock decreased, and the income of shepherds decreased accordingly. It is also costly for livestock owners to increase their payments. They tried to organize alternate herding, as in the villages of the region. Did not work out. Previously, each microdistrict of the regional center and Starye Kaltasy had its own herd and its own shepherd. Last year, livestock grazing was already organized only in the northern microdistrict. But now the shepherd is gone there too. All for the same reason. Thus, if grazing is not organized, there will be even more stray cattle in the regional center. Deputies of the district and village councils, representatives of the veterinary service and the agriculture department of the district administration took part in the meeting in the administration of the Kaltasinsky rural settlement. After discussing all aspects of the problem, it was decided to hold meetings with livestock owners and invite them to purchase electric shepherds. Installing them on pastures can solve the problem. There is no other option. In neighboring areas this has long been practiced everywhere. Yes, and we have examples. In the small village of Yasnaya Polyana, Kaltasinsky rural settlement, cattle have been grazing behind the wire fence of an electric shepherd for several years now. And no problems. In order to force pet owners to pool together the necessary equipment and thus organize grazing of their livestock on pastures, deputy of the Municipal District Council Rinat Khaidarov proposed tightening the fight against stray cattle. Namely, drive them into a special room, charge owners for their care and, of course, fine them for improper care of animals. In a rural settlement, the rules for passage and grazing of livestock are determined. Violation of them already entails penalties. Now, at their next meeting, deputies of the Council of the Kaltasinsky rural settlement intend to make a decision, according to which the punishments for negligent livestock owners will be much tougher. And stray cattle isolated in a pen, if the owner does not show up within three days, can be sent to a meat processing plant. If it is numbered, it is not difficult to find it using the owner's identification number. These are the sanctions that await livestock owners in the event of homeless grazing of their animals. Therefore, it is better to chip in with your friends and buy equipment for an electric shepherd.

08.05.2019

You will answer for the cattle! How to herd pets without getting fined

Previously, the KS portal already wrote about a very unusual case that occurred in the Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow region, when two women were brought to administrative responsibility for allowing a herd of horned animals to graze in a forest. The ladies are now listed among the ranks of malicious lawbreakers, and those around them feel sorry for them - where has it been seen that a fine was also issued for grazing sheep in the village?! But it turns out that this is written down in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. What are the artiodactyls guilty of, what damage can they cause to nature? How should you shepherd the flock so as not to pay in rubles? Let's talk.

I lived with my grandmother...

Issuing punishment for grazing domestic flocks is a very rare case in administrative practice. It would seem, what’s wrong with this - the goats went out into the forest to nibble grass. But no - two residents of the Dmitrovsky district of Moscow Region were fined for bringing their herd into the forest. Let us remind you that the district forester of the Dmitrov branch of the State Public Institution of the Moscow Region “Mosoblles” noticed peacefully grazing goats and sheep. Having assessed the situation, the forester realized that the animals had not wandered into the forest by chance, but were grazing under the supervision of their mistresses. The women were detained, questioned and prosecuted.

“For committing this offense, the women were brought to administrative responsibility in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 8.26 of the Code of the Russian Federation (“Unauthorized use of forests, violation of the rules for using forests for agriculture, destruction of forest resources”),” the department’s press service reported.

According to Part 1 of Art. 8.26 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, such violations are punishable by a fine of 200 to 500 rubles (for citizens); from 500 to 1000 rubles (for officials); from 5,000 to 10,000 rubles (for legal entities).

By the way, the news about the detention of the owners of the herd caused a mixed reaction from the public. Many social media users stood up for the women and wrote very harsh reviews about what happened.

Irina : “Then where to graze your goats? About 20 years ago in our village there were sheep and goats in every yard. And they grazed this herd in the forest. The forest was clean and orderly. And now the forest has turned into an impenetrable thicket, overgrown with hogweed. What kind of nonsense is this about unauthorized use of the forest? Has the forest become private? Two goats will definitely not harm the forest.”

Sergei : “Of course, it’s easier to drive along the edge and catch some old woman with goats and punish him for as much as 200 to 500))) ... Foresters only see old women with goats, and bottles and any other garbage, even construction debris, They don’t notice, it’s been lying there for years. I’m generally silent about dead wood.”

111: “The senior district forester of the Dmitrov branch of the State Public Institution of the Moscow Region “Mosoblles” has been nominated for an award?.. Is it possible to pick mushrooms and berries? Or does this also fit under the law on “Arbitrary use of forests, violation of rules for using forests for agriculture, destruction of forest resources”?”

What are goats to blame for?

In fact, not everything is so simple, and herds can indeed cause great harm to forests. First of all, it should be noted that animals, being in large numbers in the forest, greatly compact the soil, from which even large trees suffer. Trampling causes the greatest harm when the forest grows on heavy soils - loamy and clayey. Grazing by livestock can cause waterlogging in such forests. In addition, potholes and hollows form on heavy loamy soils, and this is the beginning of a dangerous erosion process. In addition, animals trample tree roots with their hooves, causing wounds to appear on them and infection with parasitic fungi. Animals harm the forest, for example, by destroying or severely damaging young trees - self-seeding and undergrowth. Cattle biting the tops of young pine trees leads to catastrophic consequences. Many forest grasses that do not tolerate trampling are disappearing. The grazing of pigs is especially harmful to the forest - they vigorously dig up the soil and in the process severely damage the roots of trees.

“Goats undoubtedly hold the palm in terms of the relative degree of damage caused to the forest among all breeds of farm animals,” said forester Sergei Belov, who detained the hungry herd. — Even when there is a lot of grass in the forest, goats prefer woody food to all other forest vegetation. They gnaw at the shoots of trees and shrubs, thereby destroying self-seeding and undergrowth. Sheep eat grass more readily, but also destroy a lot of undergrowth, littering the soil cover with alien plants. The forest floor is destroyed and great damage is caused to the soil layer. I hope our meeting will serve as a good lesson for summer residents in studying local conditions, according to which grazing of goats and sheep in the forest is prohibited.”

What the law says

Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation Article 8.26. Unauthorized use of forests, violation of rules for using forests for agriculture, destruction of forest resources.”

“Haymaking and grazing of farm animals on lands on which forests are located, in places where this is prohibited, as well as grazing of farm animals without a shepherd on unfenced pastures or without a leash, or in violation of the terms or norms for grazing farm animals, shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine...”

Cattle that walks on its own

With farm animals walking in the forest, everything is clear. What if the cattle are walking around the neighbor’s garden, someone else’s plot, or along the roadway? Broken fences, trampled crops of vegetable and ornamental crops, polluted sidewalks - this is not the whole list of results of stray cattle on the streets.

“We were tormented by our neighbors’ livestock: sheep without any supervision, they walk around on their own, shit wherever they can and eat all our bushes and flowers. We have already argued with the animal owners a hundred times about this, but there is no point,” complained Tatyana L., who lives in one of the villages of the Kolomna urban district.

There are many people like Tatyana. Residents of villages and hamlets often become involved in fights over livestock grazing anywhere. There is no special federal law on this topic, however, general norms are spelled out in documents such as the Civil Code of Russia and the Russian Law “On Veterinary Medicine”. In particular, according to Article 137 of the Civil Code, general rules on property apply to animals. At the same time, Article No. 18 of the Russian Federation Law “On Veterinary Medicine” states that it is the owners who are responsible for the use, health, care and maintenance of animals.

It is worth noting that grazing rules are determined by local governments, that is, by the administration of a particular locality. It is these rules that prescribe the procedure for organizing grazing, indicating areas for pastures and walking livestock. In other words, these rules may vary, but usually they include the following points:

– large and small livestock must graze in fenced pastures, tethered or under the supervision of the owner;

– unsupervised grazing of livestock and poultry along roads is prohibited;

– it is prohibited to graze livestock in parks, squares, and forests.

According to the rules, the owner of a home herd must contact the local administration to determine the grazing area. Such pastures are allocated in every village or hamlet. However, animal owners rarely bother going to authorities and graze their livestock wherever they please.

What experts say

Nikolay Korolkov , head of the department of agriculture and development of agricultural production of the administration of the Kolomna urban district:

“The owner of the herd needs to contact the structural units of the administration of the Kolomna urban district of the Moscow region, responsible for the activities of territorial public self-government. There he will be offered a plot for grazing livestock. Pastures are provided free of charge. However, not all farmers do this, which results in conflict situations with neighbors who are bothered by free-roaming animals. You should complain about such facts there, to the territorial departments. Or to the veterinary station, which can conduct a comprehensive inspection and hold the farmer accountable, for example, for improper care of animals. We have had a few cases where animal owners have been prosecuted and fined, but this is a rare practice.”

By the way, last year the animal already paid for the carelessness of its owners. The KS portal wrote about this case. Let us remind you that a man, whose property was regularly visited by a herd of cows, committed a massacre of a bull. For killing an animal, he was charged under two articles at once - Art. 167 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (“Intentional destruction or damage to property”) and Article 245 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (“Cruelty to animals”). For killing the bull, the culprit paid the owner of the animal monetary compensation - 58 thousand rubles , and also made a monetary contribution to the Animal Welfare Fund. Plus, the court imposed a fine on the culprit in the amount of 40 thousand rubles . Only taking these circumstances into account did the man manage to avoid punishment in the form of imprisonment.

Olga Balashova

What can happen to cows on pasture without preparation?

Before the first pasture, animals are carefully prepared for this event. Preparation includes the following activities:

Cleaning and examination by a veterinarian. During the period of stall keeping, the animal may develop diseases and abnormalities, which will be much more difficult to detect on pasture.
Vaccination. Grass can contain various infections and parasite larvae, and livestock, especially young animals, often become infected with them without vaccines.
Trimming horns. During the transition period, cows are quite agitated and if sharp edges are not removed, they can easily injure each other.
Hoof trimming. Untrimmed hooves often develop cracks through which infection can enter.
Gradually transfer livestock to pasture. Changing the diet too quickly will lead to diarrhea, a sharp decline in milk production, tympany and weight loss.

Important! It is worth inspecting the pasture in advance and removing all debris, snags and stones that can harm the cows, trimming the shoots and bushes

WHY MOVE CATTLE TO SUMMER PASTURE?

– Ruslan Mikhailovich, please tell us why we need to move our livestock to summer pastures?

– I would like to talk in a few words about transhumance livestock farming. This is a form of cattle breeding organization in which livestock are located on pastures, far from populated areas, during a certain season of the year. Sheep, horses and young cattle are most adapted to such maintenance.

It is known that natural forage lands and, first of all, natural pastures are an important source for the production of cheap feed. Their products account for 40 percent of the feed balance, including 80 percent or more of the need for green feed. Succulent grass in the early stages of plant development is the most complete and cheapest food for animals. The dry matter of young grass is close in nutritional value to concentrates, but significantly exceeds them in the biological value of proteins and vitamin content. From this it is clear that during the period of grazing the most intensive increase in live weight and productivity of animals occurs. In addition, a feed unit of pastures costs 2-3 times less than other feeds. Therefore, the large areas of natural pastures available in each settlement and the region as a whole must be used correctly and effectively, maintaining and increasing their productivity from year to year.

It should also be remembered that the value of wild vegetation lies in its exceptional drought resistance. Cereal plants create a thick layer of turf in the soil, which ensures its certain preservation during intensive grazing. At the same time, the practice of recent years shows that natural lands in the Oka are insufficiently and unevenly used. Unsystematic exploitation has led to a decrease in the productivity of pastures and hayfields almost everywhere, and an increase in the area of degraded lands. As a result, the current productivity of hayfields and pastures is significantly lower than their potential.

In our conditions, natural pastures and hayfields are the foundation, the main basis of the environment. Therefore, not only the economic condition, but also the environmental well-being of the population depends on their condition. One thing is clear that mobile (nomadic) use of pastures must be rational and effective.

– What is the effectiveness of such content?

– The use of transhumance livestock farming will allow us to significantly increase the number of all types of livestock. The economic efficiency of transhumance livestock farming lies in the fact that with insignificant costs for feeding and maintaining livestock and labor to care for them, the cost of livestock products is sharply reduced; Significant areas of arable land are being released on the main territory of farms for the development of other branches of agricultural production. In other words, mobile livestock farming is an activity that is justified both environmentally and economically. It should be remembered that in order to obtain a long-term economic effect, it is necessary to comply with the basic elements of rational grazing (load, start and end dates of grazing, compliance with optimal phytomass alienation coefficients, guaranteed water supply, etc.).

Transhumance livestock farming is based on seasonal movement of livestock over relatively short distances. Cattle are usually moved to high mountain pastures in summer and to lowland valleys in winter.

For reference, I will say that in the Okinsky district there are 22,831 hectares of farmland, including arable land - 1,719 hectares, hayfields - 2,592 hectares, pastures - 18,520 hectares. From this it can be seen that the largest part consists of pastures.

– How can we organize the movement of animals to summer pastures?

– You don’t have to look far for an example. In the recent past, in order to make full use of natural pastures before pasturing livestock for summer maintenance, citizens’ gatherings were held in each locality, where they determined what kind of livestock was available in the village by sex and age groups and types of livestock. Only dairy cows, young animals born in the current year and, if necessary, kumys mares were left in the village for the summer. The rest of the livestock was sent to distant pastures assigned to this village. The number of herds and their location were determined. Shepherds were chosen and their pay was determined. All this was recorded and strictly executed by local authorities. Cattle grazing on remote pastures continued until late autumn. In my deep conviction, such a procedure for keeping livestock must be organized in every rural locality even today. This work should be led by rural settlements with the involvement of agricultural specialists.

In my opinion, the time has come to actively use distant pastures in our region. This is a huge wealth, and it must be used for the successful development of livestock farming.

Our generation still has fresh memories of the times when great importance was attached to transhumance. Traditionally, cattle were sent to transhumance pastures mainly after May 9, when stable warm weather set in. Before grazing the cattle, the person who intended to graze the cattle on the pastures first went to the plots. Much attention was paid to ensuring the safety of the livestock from possible predators.

– Ruslan Mikhailovich, what is the legal side of this type of livestock farming?

– This is legally enshrined in the Rules for keeping, grazing and driving farm animals, approved on the territory of each settlement. They describe in detail the rights and obligations of owners of farm animals, the procedure for their maintenance, grazing and running, and stipulate the amount of fines for causing harm, damage to agricultural land, and crops.

As for the imposition of fines, the head of the Department of Agriculture has authority in this area, who is authorized to draw up protocols on administrative violations. Heads of rural settlements have the same rights.

- Thank you for the interview!

How to breed cattle

Farms and livestock breeding organizations are engaged in breeding cattle on an industrial scale. Any person with a house and land in a rural area can own a cow.

In summer, cows must graze on pasture. For a season, one animal needs an area of 0.5 hectares. A cow eats about 55 kg of grass per day. If there is no such area on private property, then you need to come to an agreement with local authorities and graze cattle on meadows specially designated for grazing. Typically, in every rural area, cows are grazed in a herd, and the livestock owners act as shepherds on a first-come, first-served basis.

Cattle breeding will require significant financial investments. You will have to buy a young cow (price - from 200 dollars) and build a barn (shed, shed)

It is important to choose the right breed (dairy, meat-dairy, meat)

The animal must be kept indoors throughout the winter. During the warm period (from May to October), cows are grazed in the meadow. True, animals must spend the night in a barn. In the barn you need to install a nursery, feeders, and drinking bowls. It is recommended to change the bedding daily, remove manure, and lay down new straw. Animals are usually milked three times a day.

The main thing when breeding cattle is to provide food. In summer, animals must graze in the meadow. The desired vegetation is legumes and cereal grasses 15 cm high. For the winter, animals need to prepare hay (about 4 tons), straw, and silage. Vegetables and grain mixtures can be used as top dressing.

It is important to provide animals with clean water to drink. A cow drinks about 30-50 liters of liquid per day

Milk yield depends on the supply of water.

Grazing rules

Rules for grazing livestock, as well as restrictions associated with grazing livestock, are established by regulations in the field of landscaping, land use and development rules, etc.

Let's look at the rules of grazing livestock using the example of the Moscow region.

On the territory of the Moscow region, grazing of livestock is permitted only in specially designated areas.

On unfenced pastures, grazing is carried out on a leash or under the supervision of animal owners or persons who have entered into agreements with the owners or their authorized persons for the provision of animal grazing services.

Animal owners and shepherds are obliged to constantly supervise animals during their grazing on pastures, preventing their movement to areas not intended for these purposes.

It is prohibited to leave animals unattended, to graze on the streets and in other places not intended for these purposes, to allow the grassing of flower beds and crops.

Animals are not allowed to move unless accompanied by the owner or shepherd. It is also prohibited to graze livestock on the streets in the right of way of roads and railways, gardens, squares, forest parks, and in recreational areas of municipalities (clause “and” part 4 of article 42, part 2 of article 65 of the Law of the Moscow Region dated December 30. 2014 No. 191/2014-OZ

The places and route for driving livestock to pastures must be agreed upon with local authorities and, if necessary, with the relevant road management authorities.

It is prohibited to drive animals along pedestrian paths and bridges (Part 3 of Article 65 of the Moscow Region Law of December 30, 2014 No. 191/2014-OZ

Rules for grazing livestock are also established at the level of municipalities of the Moscow region (for example, Article 61 of the Rules, approved by the Decision of the Council of Deputies of the Mytishchi urban district of the Moscow region dated January 23, 2020 No. 6/3

;
Art. 23 Rules, approved. By decision of the Council of Deputies of the Podolsk urban district of the Moscow region dated December 27, 2018 No. 56/13
;
Art. 70 Rules, approved. By decision of the Council of Deputies of the Krasnogorsk urban district of the Moscow region dated November 29, 2018 No. 67/8
;
Art. 4.2 Land Use Rules, approved. By decision of the Council of Deputies of the Volokolamsk City District of the Moscow Region dated April 10, 2020 No. 13-80
).

Driving and grazing of livestock is prohibited on the territory of natural monuments, state natural reserves (for example, Section IX of the Natural Monument Passport, approved by Decree of the Government of the Moscow Region dated November 19, 2019 No. 843/39

;
section XII Regulations on the state natural reserve, approved. Decree of the Government of the Moscow Region dated 08/06/2018 No. 496/27
;
section XII Regulations on the state natural reserve, approved. Resolution of the Government of the Moscow Region dated July 30, 2018 No. 472/26
).

When is the first time to turn out cows in the spring?

When turning animals out to pasture in the spring, it is extremely important to wait until the optimal time. If you do this too early, the cows will trample down the roots of the plants, which means that the area will quickly exhaust itself, losing the ability to renew itself.

If grazing starts late, the grass may already have grown a lot, which can lead to overeating and digestive problems for the animals.

It is best to start grazing cattle when the height of the vegetation reaches 15 cm. In this case, the transition should be carried out smoothly over the course of a week. First, in the morning and evening, the cow needs to be fed with hay, and the grazing time should be increased every day, starting from 2-3 hours. It is also advisable to place troughs with concentrates and mineral supplements on the pasture, which will help replenish the reserves of macro- and microelements, fiber and carbohydrates. Regular salt and compounds based on calcium and phosphorus are suitable as a top dressing.

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What can happen to cows on pasture without preparation?

Before the first pasture, animals are carefully prepared for this event. Preparation includes the following activities:

Cleaning and examination by a veterinarian. During the period of stall keeping, the animal may develop diseases and abnormalities, which will be much more difficult to detect on pasture.
Vaccination. Grass can contain various infections and parasite larvae, and livestock, especially young animals, often become infected with them without vaccines.
Trimming horns. During the transition period, cows are quite agitated and if sharp edges are not removed, they can easily injure each other.
Hoof trimming. Untrimmed hooves often develop cracks through which infection can enter.
Gradually transfer livestock to pasture. Changing the diet too quickly will lead to diarrhea, a sharp decline in milk production, tympany and weight loss.

Important! It is worth inspecting the pasture in advance and removing all debris, snags and stones that can harm the cows, trimming the shoots and bushes

Lots of water is important

The provision of water to grazing animals should not be underestimated as a factor influencing the amount of feed consumed by animals. Depending on the air temperature, a cow needs from 80 to 150 liters of water per day. Therefore, you need to monitor the availability of water in sufficient quantities, and large vats have proven themselves in practice (for large livestock - many vats).

A vehicle with a tank equipped with a single cup-shaped drinker, which can still be found on some farms, is absolutely not enough to optimally provide water for highly productive cows. The shortest path to the drinking bowl is also important, since animals are too lazy to go to drinking bowls that are located far away.

Pasture remains, as before, a cheap main feed for cows
Slow adaptation of animals with additional feeding of a diet suitable for pasture is mandatory.
The use of concentrates should be limited, not least for economic reasons.
For highly productive herds, half-day grazing with additional feeding in the barn is recommended, since in this way the animals can be provided with much better nutrients.
The use of suitable mineral feed is necessary for optimal nutrition of cows.
When grazing, water should not be neglected as an important factor for milk production.

Translation by Elena Babenko, especially for soft-agro.com

I look forward to your feedback and comments. Thank you very much!

What are the conditions for keeping livestock in the city?

26.03.2021 15:47

Vet rules
City
Cows
Sheep

Keeping livestock in urban conditions requires the creation of certain conditions for them that do not violate public order. A Grozny-inform correspondent learned from lawyer Alikhan Dadaev what law regulates the keeping of animals in the city, in what cases fines are imposed and how many cattle and small animals can be kept in urban conditions.

Source: gazetaingush.ru

Q: What law regulates the conditions for keeping cattle (hereinafter referred to as cattle) and small ruminants (hereinafter referred to as small livestock) in the city?

R: There is no specific law regulating the conditions of keeping cattle and small cattle in the city; there are veterinary rules. They apply to everyone, no matter where you raise livestock, be it within the city or in the village, and they must be observed. I note that until recently the rules of 2016 were in effect, but they were updated in October 2022. It is these rules that establish the conditions in which animals should be kept. Moreover, every municipality has so-called landscaping rules, and if you have livestock and live within the city, you must know these rules that the municipality sets. Violation of veterinary rules and rules of municipalities, causing damage to urban landscaped areas - this leads to a fine.

Q: Under what conditions is a private owner living within the city obliged to keep cattle and small cattle, and can he send livestock for grazing in public places?

R: As I said above, no matter where the owner lives, he is obliged to adhere to the conditions for keeping cattle and small cattle, which regulate the veterinary rules for keeping large and small ruminants for the purpose of their reproduction, cultivation and sale, approved by order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated October 21. 2020 No. 622. And it doesn’t matter whether you raise livestock for your own use or you have a peasant farm. Those premises in which livestock are kept must be arranged in a certain way. We are talking about such details as ventilation, separate keeping of cattle and small cattle; they cannot be kept together, they must be in different rooms. Cows and horses can be kept together.

Q: Does an individual or legal entity have the right to keep livestock on the territory of the city?

R: There is an expression: “Your rights end where you violate the rights of others.” It is possible to keep livestock in a city environment, in a private house; to clarify, this means a local area. The site must be at a certain distance from your neighbors' houses. If, for example, you only keep one unit on your property, the room where the animal is kept should be 10 meters away from your neighbors. As the number of goals increases, the distance should accordingly increase. If you break these rules, your neighbors may sue you. And the fines for violating veterinary rules and for damaging landscaped areas with your livestock are very significant.

Q: How many livestock can be kept in the city by law, are there any restrictions?

R: If your land plot, according to veterinary rules, allows you to keep more than 15 heads of livestock, then you can safely do this. But I note that with a large number of animals, it is almost impossible to arrange premises at a distance of 40 meters from each other in city conditions. Therefore, you can keep livestock in the city in quantities that will not create precedents. As a rule, this is up to 5 heads of cattle and small cattle.

Q: In what cases related to the maintenance of cattle and small cattle are fines or other types of administrative sanctions imposed?

R: Fines are imposed on two grounds. First of all, this is a violation of veterinary rules. If you keep livestock in violation of these rules, you may be subject to a fine of up to 30,000 rubles. But the amount of the penalty may vary depending on the degree of violation. Based on a complaint from your neighbor, for example, a commission comes and conducts an inspection. If violations are detected, an order is issued, which gives time up to 3 months to eliminate the errors. If violations are not corrected within this time, a fine will be imposed. If there is a repeated violation, methods of administrative enforcement are applied again and, if the problems are not eliminated, then a fine follows, an appeal to the court, and the livestock may be confiscated from the violator.

Another reason for imposing a fine or applying another method of administrative action is a violation of the rules for the improvement of urban areas. If your cattle is grazing somewhere on public territory, for example, in a park or on some lawn, the cow damaged a bench, you may be issued a fine, plus you will also have to compensate the damage caused to the city by your animals. Damage can be calculated in different ways, taking into account the fact that methods of administrative action in this part are regulated by local regional laws. These are violations of the rules of landscaping; each region has its own rules. The fines here, accordingly, are also different. One more thing: you sent your cattle to pasture outside the city limits, they move along the road, which interferes with drivers, crosses the road where there is no special sign, and the highway is very busy. In this case, you may also be fined. If an accident occurs due to the fault of your livestock, you will be presented with the fact that the livestock was grazing uncontrollably, then you will have to compensate for the damage caused to the vehicle.

In the Chechen Republic, livestock farming is very popular. Residents of both villages and cities keep livestock; it is often a family affair, passed on from generation to generation.

One of the local farmers, Denis Khatuev, spoke about his attitude to housekeeping in the city.

“I send my cattle to pasture only with a shepherd. This usually occurs in mid-spring and summer. There is a field nearby where cattle and small cattle can graze, so there is nothing to worry about. The only time the animals were injured was during the war in the late 90s, when shells hit our site. Our animals were never injured again and did not themselves cause injuries to others,” the farmer noted.

In 2022, on the territory of the Chechen Republic, 2 accidents occurred due to stray cattle, as a result of which 5 people died and 1 was seriously injured.

The head of the Chechen Republic, Ramzan Kadyrov, called on farmers to treat their farms more responsibly and not let their animals wander into the streets unattended.

Bashir Sautiev

When is the first time to turn out cows in the spring?

If you do this too early, the cows will trample down the roots of the plants, which means that the area will quickly exhaust itself, losing the ability to renew itself.

If grazing starts late, the grass may already have grown a lot, which can lead to overeating and digestive problems for the animals.

Also during this period, it is advisable to give cows mineral supplements, which will help replenish their reserves of macro- and microelements. Regular salt and compositions based on calcium and phosphorus are suitable for this purpose.

Content

1. History
2 Production 2.1 Management

3 Systems

3.1 Continuous

3.2 Seasonal

3.3 Rotational

3.4 Lei agriculture

3.5 Rest of rotation

3.6 Delayed rotation

3.7 Patch burn

3.8 Coastal zone management

3.9 Conservation of grazing

3.10 Cell grazing

3.11 Crowd grazing

4 Environmental considerations

4.1 Ecology

4.2 Saving

5 See also

6 Recommendations

7 external link

Rules for grazing livestock and poultry in populated areas

Owners of private houses located within small settlements can keep cattle. True, animals need to be grazed on their own plot or in a pasture specially designated by the administration. It is forbidden to leave livestock unattended. You need to herd animals yourself, or by hiring a shepherd for this purpose.

If a cow is grazing in a herd, then it must be accompanied through the populated area to the place where the cattle are collected, that is, led on a leash. It is advisable to take a dustpan and broom with you to remove animal feces from the road. It is not allowed to drive cows to the herd gathering place through schools and residential yards. If an animal is walking along the side of the road, you need to make sure that it does not throw itself under a car.

It is prohibited to graze livestock on the territory of a populated area (in parks, squares, and playgrounds). If the animals are in the pasture, you need to make sure that they do not run away and do not wander around the city. Cows should not be allowed to wander around populated areas and look for food in garbage cans. Escaped animals can trample flower beds or wander into someone's private garden or garden. In this case, the owner of the cow will have to compensate the injured party for the damage, and also pay a fine to the state.

Is it necessary to punish the owners of stray cattle? If so, how?

The topic of unattended grazing and problems with driving away domestic animals or poultry is often discussed on social networks. There is video of cattle being dangerously close to cars parked near a fence; where geese or sheep graze in flowering flower beds in front of the house, eat branches of ornamental shrubs and young Christmas trees. Is it necessary to punish the owners of stray cattle, and if so, how?

Elena PETROVA, city resident:

— The topic is very sore for me. I live on the outskirts, almost behind our house there is a place where cattle are gathered for grazing in the morning and released in the evening. For how many years have I been trying to bring beauty to my yard: to create flower beds, plant beautiful trees, but... Not all owners consider it their duty to greet the farm from the pasture, and goats and cows wander past our house, eating on the way everything that has risen more or less from the ground greenery.

But if only that were the problem! After all, animals also shit... I have small children. In the morning, so that they can go out to play in the sand, I clean up the “lapins” in front of the house and in the evenings, after the animals leave the pasture, I also take up the dustpan and broom. I understand that farming is a help for families. But what do we have to do with it? And humor, when they tell me that they leave you natural fertilizer for plant growth, is not appropriate. This is a PROBLEM that needs to be solved! Tell the newspaper if there are laws that will make it possible to bring to justice the perpetrators of such outrage.

Alexander ALEXANDRIN, x. Deminsky:

— In our farm there are no problems with stray cattle. In the morning, the shepherd collects the animals along the street, brings them in in the evening, and the owners sort them into their yards. The countrymen keep calves, goats and sheep either on their plots or on a leash; there are no stray pets. Geese spend daylight hours on the pond, and in the evening they are greeted by their owners, because everyone wants the birds to survive until winter without loss. And many people create beauty in front of their houses and try to preserve it.

Elena DMITRIEVA, pos. Red October:

“I live on the outskirts, and ownerless geese, turkeys, cows, horses and even... hunting dogs roam in front of our house. If we leave a car at the gate, turkeys fly into it. Not only do heavy birds leave excrement on the hood that eats away at car paint, but they also scratch the car with their claws. It’s difficult to scare them away, at least go with them! But the worst thing is cows and horses, which can damage the car.

In the spring I planted spruce trees in front of the yard - blue, green. To prevent the cattle from eating them, they spent money and installed a fence. The Christmas trees have grown - the animals have already eaten several of them. That's all the beauty...

We keep lap dogs, we go out into the yard with them, they bark at the geese grazing at our gate. So the owner of the bird scolds us because the dogs scare the birds. He mockingly demands that we install signs notifying that the territory belongs to our household. She probably has competent geese!

After a conversation with the owner of stray horses that it was dangerous to let them out unattended, they sent us an SMS in response threatening us to remain silent and be patient, otherwise things would get worse.

From the editor: There is a law regulating general standards for keeping animals. They are spelled out in documents such as the Civil Code of Russia and the Russian Law “On Veterinary Medicine”. In particular, according to Article 137 of the Civil Code, general rules on property apply to animals. At the same time, Article No. 18 of the Russian Federation Law “On Veterinary Medicine” states that it is the owners who are responsible for the use, health, care and maintenance of animals.

It is important to know: grazing rules are determined by local authorities, that is, the administration of the settlement. These rules prescribe the procedure for organizing grazing, indicate areas for pastures and walking livestock.

In other words, such rules may vary, but usually they contain the following points:

– large and small livestock must graze in fenced pastures, tethered or under the supervision of the owner;

– horses can only be grazed in a hobbled state;

– unsupervised grazing of livestock and poultry along roads is prohibited;

– it is prohibited to graze livestock in parks and squares.

By the way, if large and small livestock are unattended, the requirements of Articles No. 230 and No. 231 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation may apply to them. For example, if the owner of the animals is not identified, it is necessary to report this to the police.

In case of violation of the mentioned rules, the owner will face a fine.

Thus, the following algorithm of action can be offered to owners of households affected by animals.

First, contact the municipal administration with a written complaint. There you will also find out a complete list of rules for walking and grazing animals and the amount of possible fines for violating them.

Secondly, notify your neighbors again (including in writing) and warn them of the possible consequences.

If after all the actions the situation does not change, go to court with a claim against your neighbor for compensation for damage caused as a result of uncontrolled walking of livestock. But remember that the plaintiffs provide evidence in court.

Take photos that clearly show your neighbor's livestock grazing near your yard or home. Submit an application to the settlement administration so that specialists, in the presence of witnesses or a local police officer, record the fact, and, if any, indicate the amount of material damage caused.

When is the first time to turn out cows in the spring?

If grazing starts late, the grass may already have grown a lot, which can lead to overeating and digestive problems for the animals.

What can happen to cows on pasture without preparation?

Before the first pasture, animals are carefully prepared for this event. Preparation includes the following activities:

Cleaning and examination by a veterinarian. During the period of stall keeping, the animal may develop diseases and abnormalities, which will be much more difficult to detect on pasture.
Vaccination. Grass can contain various infections and parasite larvae, and livestock, especially young animals, often become infected with them without vaccines.
Trimming horns. During the transition period, cows are quite agitated and if sharp edges are not removed, they can easily injure each other.
Hoof trimming. Untrimmed hooves often develop cracks through which infection can enter.
Gradually transfer livestock to pasture. Changing the diet too quickly will lead to diarrhea, a sharp decline in milk production, tympany and weight loss.

Organization of pasture maintenance of the herd

The grass on the pasture should be of different varieties and flowers: white clover, timothy, alfalfa, meadow grass and other grasses

But it’s important to know that if a cow eats clover on an empty stomach in the early morning, it can cause bloating in the evening.

The herd must be grazed in several areas, which should be located at a distance of about two kilometers from each other. Ideally, there should be a body of water near the site. If your sites are located next to natural bodies of water, then make a convenient descent to it. If not, it will be necessary to dig wells in the fields and organize drinking bowls. In this case, the water after drinking water will need to be drained each time so that it does not stagnate.

But you need to take into account that in some regions of Russia there are artesian waters running underground - they are not suitable for watering animals.

You need to start grazing the herd from the area where you finished grazing last fall. It is necessary to move the herd to another area after the grass has been eaten by animals up to 5 centimeters from the ground. Within a month, you should use all the plots, and return to the first plot after the height of the fresh grass on it is about 15 centimeters. This method allows you to “rejuvenate” the grass in the areas, so the animals constantly receive fresh and young greenery. This method allows you to provide the required amount of feed for each head. On average, one cow needs up to 50 kilograms of greens per day.

One of the basic rules for grazing a herd is the separation of young animals from adults. Or, as a last resort, separating mother cows with calves from the main herd. Otherwise, calves may continually suck milk from other dairy cows, and adults may behave aggressively and attack calves.

With a pasture system for keeping livestock, it is necessary to pay attention to places where animals spend the night and rest. It is necessary to build shelters on the territory of the pastures themselves so that during hot periods or rain the animals can take shelter and wait out

If the climate of the region allows, in winter they are kept on thick, warm bedding; in summer they are kept in summer camps. When constructing such premises, it is necessary to take into account all standards for maintaining cattle hygiene. It is also necessary to organize a daily mechanism for feeding feed and milking cows, cleaning stalls, a waste drainage system and timely removal of manure.

About grazing, cattle runs and pressing problems

On the last day of winter, a round table meeting was held in Svetlograd, organized by the regional Duma committee on agrarian issues, food, land relations and land management.

"Use what you have..."

The heads of rural settlements of the Petrovsky and Grachevsky districts, representatives of supervisory departments, internal affairs bodies, specialists from the Ministry of Agriculture and the Regional Duma gathered in the meeting room of the district administration. The topic is about the practice of applying the regional law “On the regulation of grazing and movement of farm animals and poultry in the Stavropol Territory” and federal legislation regulating the issues of keeping animals on private farms.

The discussion was led by its initiator, deputy Vladimir Trukhachev.

“As practice has shown, many residents of our region who have private farming keep up to a hundred heads of pigs, five times more sheep, up to a thousand or more heads of poultry - that’s 30-50 conventional heads,” he said. – Despite the fact that on average in the country there are 1.2, and in the region 1.7, conditional heads per private household plot. The prohibitive number of living creatures on private farmsteads significantly exceeds the needs of one family for livestock products. The livestock is located mainly on a private plot of land of 10–30 acres within the boundaries of a populated area, in premises built in violation of sanitary standards. This causes justified complaints from neighbors about unsanitary conditions and residents of the locality - when using a public easement on hayfields and pastures. Conflicts are not uncommon on this basis; the regional Duma receives numerous appeals on these issues. People complain that animals and birds destroy crops and perennial plantings, and animal waste creates an unbearable habitat. And local government officials are asking for clarification of the rules for bringing to justice those guilty of violating the provisions of the law and other regulations. In order to to some extent regulate the relations of citizens, legal entities, local governments in matters of organizing the passage and grazing of farm animals and poultry and thereby ensure the protection of agricultural land and perennial plantings from grass, damage and destruction, deputies of the Stavropol Territory Duma in 2002 adopted the law “On regulating the grazing and movement of farm animals and poultry on the territory of the Stavropol Territory”, and in February 2011 - “On ensuring epizootic and veterinary-sanitary well-being in the Stavropol Territory”. Three times - in 2006, 2008 and 2011 - regional deputies submitted a legislative initiative to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation to amend the federal law on personal subsidiary plots. They provided for granting subjects of the Russian Federation the right to establish maximum standards for keeping animals in private household plots, on personal plots, and within the boundaries of settlements. It was also proposed that the Administrative Code provide for an increase in fines for violations of the legislation of the Russian Federation by owners of personal subsidiary plots. We received no support. We were recommended to apply the norms of existing legislation.

During today’s discussion, we would like to clarify what problems arise when applying certain norms of Russian legislation regulating the issues of keeping animals, how to better and more efficiently organize work on the ground, - V.I. clarified the task of the round table. Trukhachev.

Earth as a lever of power

The main message was made by the head of the department for ensuring the activities of the regional Duma committee on agrarian issues, food, land relations and land management Nikolai Gubsky.

– There are owners who keep, say, one cow and a dozen chickens. The neighbors have no complaints about them. And there are those (especially visitors) who have either three hundred sheep or a thousand. In the Shpakovsky district, near Stavropol, they keep both one hundred and seven hundred pigs. This is where problems arise. All of us sitting here represent some kind of government body. And we are approached by people whose rights to a healthy living environment have been violated, who are experiencing inconvenience due to the fact that their neighbors keep an exorbitant number of animals. We need to respond to this using legal levers. Which?

When such an appeal is received, it is necessary to start from the ground, from a plot of land. The federal law on private subsidiary plots clearly states that personal subsidiary farming is carried out on a land plot provided or acquired for running personal subsidiary plots.

Each municipality must develop and approve rules for land use and development. Not everyone has them, but you can’t do without them. Personal subsidiary farming is often carried out on plots for individual housing construction. A conflict arises, we ask the document for the land plot - under what right was it issued?

If it is issued under individual housing construction, the person does not have the right to engage in personal farming. And he contains a hundred heads of pigs!

This can be considered as the use of land plots not for their intended purpose; this entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of up to 1.5 thousand rubles. Protocols and cases are reviewed by officials exercising state land control over the use of lands of Rosselkhoznadzoa and Rosregistration. The question arises: can a person who has received a plot for individual housing construction engage in personal farming? Yes, but on the condition that he goes to public hearings and a gathering of citizens allows him to change the intended purpose of the land plot.

If a person does not have title documents for a land plot - there is neither a land certificate issued by the Registration Chamber nor a lease agreement, this qualifies as unauthorized occupation of a land plot or use of it without title documents for land. This entails a fine of up to a thousand rubles. Officials of internal affairs bodies have the right to draw up protocols on administrative offenses. The final decision to impose an administrative penalty is made by the chief state inspector for the use and protection of land in a given area or city.

There are sanitary and veterinary rules. The Chief State Sanitary Doctor and the Chief Veterinary Doctor of Russia approved them in accordance with the federal law on epizootic and sanitary conditions. From the windows of a residential building to the premises for keeping animals, if there are up to 50 animals there, there must be a 50-meter sanitary zone. If this standard is not met, the authorized person of the local administration in the field of housing, communal services and improvement has the right to draw up a protocol on the administrative violation. The final decision has the right to be made by the chief state sanitary doctor of the corresponding city or region. But I do not call for a widespread inventory of compliance with this standard: then no one will be allowed to keep animals, and we will starve, because 70 percent of livestock products are produced in private household plots. But if the owner of a private farm has an excessive number of animals and his neighbors complain about him, then we can apply this norm.

For violation of the rules for combating quarantine and especially dangerous animal diseases, citizens are subject to a fine of 1,000 to 1,500 rubles; for concealment or untimely notification of veterinary authorities about their sudden death or simultaneous mass diseases; for violation of sanitary rules for the transportation, transportation or slaughter of animals, a fine of 3.0 to 5.0 thousand rubles is provided. For the same actions committed during the quarantine period, the fine increases to 10.0 thousand rubles. For violation of veterinary and sanitary rules for the transportation, transportation, slaughter of animals, a fine of up to 5.0 thousand rubles is provided. The above fines are imposed by a resolution of the chief state sanitary or chief state veterinarian of the relevant city or district. Violation of the rules of grazing and driving of farm animals and poultry entails a fine of up to 3.0 thousand rubles, and if violation of the rules of grazing and driving resulted in the grassing of crops or destruction of plantings, the fine may increase to 5.0 thousand rubles. Repeated commission of this offense in the first and second cases entails the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 5.0 thousand rubles. According to the regional law, protocols on administrative offenses have the right to be drawn up by officials of the local administration (local government bodies) authorized in the field of housing and communal services and improvement. The final decision on imposing an administrative penalty is made by the administrative commission of the municipality. But that's not all. The owner of animals who allowed crops to be grassed or perennial plantings to be destroyed by animals is obliged not only to pay a fine, but also to compensate the owner for losses. If he refuses, and if the losses amount to a significant amount, the perpetrator may be prosecuted. We should have sanitary and administrative commissions in every municipality.

Each municipality must establish standards for the load on pastures. Even if it is private land. No one encroaches on private property, but the land is a habitat, the national treasure of the entire society. (You can also own a car, but those who violate traffic rules pay fines and even face criminal penalties.) The slogan “What’s mine means what I want is what I turn around” is inappropriate here. And even more so if the pasture is used either on the basis of a lease agreement with the administration of a village or district (if it is state property, the ownership of which is not demarcated), or if the public herd is grazed on the basis of an easement.

When establishing the norm of load on pastures, the local government body must proceed from the capacity, i.e., the productivity of pastures. It’s not easy to calculate on the principle of a hectare or half a hectare per cow, but to determine how much this land can feed animals so that pastures and hayfields are self-reproducing. Let's say the pasture cannot accommodate the desired number of animals. Moreover, one owner has one cow, and the other has five. So, the owner of five cows will have to let one cow into this pasture, and keep the rest at home in a barn, shed, bring feed there and feed the animals in a hospital.

We are not against those who come with a flock of 300 head, but he must quarantine them in a hospital, register them at the veterinary site and in the household register in the administration of the village council, and then maintain and graze them in accordance with existing laws in force by articles throughout the Russian Federation.

If a person continues to poison neighbors with animal waste, then he will bear administrative responsibility - pay a fine for violating veterinary and sanitary rules in the amount of up to 2.0 thousand rubles. In this case, cases of administrative offenses are considered by state environmental protection inspectors of the corresponding city or district. A person who is engaged in livestock farming, slaughtering and meat processing must, as was strictly done in Soviet times, undergo regular medical examinations. First of all, he needs this. It is important that he does not become infected from animals himself, and if this happens, that he does not infect animals or family members, so that his livestock products are healthy. And so that he does not become disabled, and the state does not have to pay him a disability pension.

It is equally important that such a neighbor does not burn himself or set his neighbors on fire. Therefore, he must comply with fire safety regulations. For violation of these rules, liability is established in the form of a fine of up to one thousand rubles. State fire inspectors of cities and districts have the right to draw up protocols and consider cases.

The law states that personal subsidiary farming is not a form of entrepreneurial activity, and therefore, surplus products are not taxed when they are sold. By giving such preferences to the owner of a private plot, the state expects that he will bear the burden of expenses for carrying out sanitary, veterinary and fire-fighting measures - he will equip a disinfection barrier at the entrance to the livestock premises, carry out disinfection if necessary, treat the animals... After all, it is possible to keep animals, to have a private plot within the boundaries of the settlement - this is the privilege of the entire community of citizens of a given area and of every citizen: specialists know how many threats there are. And providing a safe living environment for fellow countrymen is the honorable duty of the owner of a private household plot. Plus the production of tasty and healthy products.

Offer to be a businessman

Here's another case. Let's say it's a shed. “Our sheep farming has decreased,” the speaker continued, “and shepherds often live in the sheds where they worked on the farm, and they still live here, but they work only for themselves. We ask the citizen using this shed to provide a certificate of state registration of the right to it or a lease agreement registered with the registration chamber. Yes - good. Has the land plot for the shed been registered, is there a “pink” certificate? Yes. Is there a document for the land where the herd grazes? No, this means that the shepherd must bear administrative liability in the form of a fine of up to one thousand rubles. Officials of internal affairs bodies (police) have the right to draw up protocols on administrative offenses. Administrative measures may also be applied to him, as well as to the owners of personal subsidiary plots that I mentioned earlier. But if there are documents drawn up in accordance with the current legislation for both the shed and the land, then we need to establish on what right the citizen carries out his activities. It will probably be difficult to classify it as a personal subsidiary plot, since it is not registered as a farm. In this case, we will be faced with the fact that this citizen carries out entrepreneurial activities without state registration as an individual entrepreneur or without state registration as a legal entity. This violation entails the imposition of an administrative fine of up to 2.0 thousand rubles. Officials of tax authorities and bodies carrying out state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs have the right to draw up and make a final decision.

If it turns out that the shed does not currently belong to anyone, then it can be classified as ownerless property. For example, a collective farm went bankrupt, but the shepherds who worked continue to use it to breed animals and live in a barnyard, and they often claim that they bought it out. They cannot explain why it is not registered, there is no certificate. In this case, these sheds and other real estate objects, in accordance with current legislation, must be registered by local government bodies as ownerless property in the ownership of the municipality, and then rented out to these or other citizens, but on the condition (specified in the lease agreement) if they comply with all veterinary and sanitary rules, the procedure for driving and grazing animals and register as a peasant farm or as an individual entrepreneur.

Local authorities need to work closely with veterinary and sanitary services, with the Department of Internal Affairs, with representatives of environmental supervision, agricultural supervision, state registration and fire supervision. And in general, let's restore order on our land within the framework of existing laws. Do not give rise to everyday conflicts, which sometimes develop into criminality. Do not give a reason to use them by some individuals in escalating interfaith and interethnic relations - in a word, until the Maidan!

There are no unsolvable questions

In Dry Buffalo, everything is done in accordance with the law. But other questions arise. Alexander Tenkov, the head of the municipality of the village, said that by decision of the council of deputies here in 2009, the rules for keeping, grazing and driving farm animals were approved, and in 2013, standards for the load of livestock during grazing were established. Owners of farm animals and poultry were required to have title documents for land plots.

“But it has not yet been decided which body will carry out the land surveying work, since state ownership of the lands that are located within the boundaries of the settlement is not demarcated,” said Alexander Ivanovich. – We have discussed this issue more than once: it is a costly matter, and the municipality will not receive a penny. Is it necessary to do this?

Nikolai Vasilievich Gubsky gave a specific answer to this question:

– The right to dispose of land plots, state ownership of which is not demarcated, is granted by law to the municipal district. The municipal district must survey it and bear the material costs of forming such land plots, and then it must enter into an agreement with the owners of the animals kept in the private plots. (There are known cases when this was done, conflicts and strife ceased.) 80 - 100 rubles per head per year is a small burden, but the region receives this money and uses it to improve the same pastures.

There are answers to everything

The presiding officer, Vladimir Trukhachev, for his part, stated that all questions can be answered:

– When we meet with representatives of Rosregistration, we always find a common language. The head of the regional department teaches here. And he encourages us to reach out when serious questions arise. There are mechanisms that we sometimes do not know about. Much has been said about what is happening in some eastern regions. But many issues were resolved in two to three months. We should have gone there earlier. That is, you just need to ask questions. There are answers to everything in the legislation of both the region and Russia. You have to move, and then a lot becomes clear.

Gennady Chernov, the head of the municipality of the village of Beshpagir, said that rules for keeping domestic animals and norms for the load on pastures have also been approved, routes for driving livestock and the timing of their grazing have been determined, and now there is no such thing that animals have to graze all year round. Now he is worried about the size of his subsidiary plot. Is it necessary to limit the number of animals in private household plots? Within a populated area this is necessary. But, perhaps, we could suggest that people keep animals outside of it – this would not slow down the development of livestock farming! He is also concerned that the material interest of peasants in engaging in personal farming is disappearing. Buy a carton of milk in a store – 42 rubles. And to hand it over costs 15 rubles. It would be nice to resolve the issue of subsidies, at least for dairy farming!

“The draft budget for 2014 did not provide for subsidies for milk produced on the population’s private farms,” chairperson Vladimir Trukhachev responded to this. – On my initiative, supported by Ivan Andreevich Bogachev, we achieved subsidies in the amount of 65 million. This is last year's level. But it’s better than nothing: if a line item leaves the budget, it’s very difficult to get it back. And we believe that livestock farming should be supported in every possible way.

The idea was developed by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gubsky:

– When the regional Duma put forward a legislative initiative to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of Russia on limiting the number of animals in private household plots within the boundaries of settlements, we were told: use the norms of the law that already exist. How do others work? In Armavir, for example, every month they organize a door-to-door inspection. All municipal employees, starting with the chairman of the Duma and the head of the administration, are assigned to the streets, and they walk, look at the sanitary, veterinary, fire-fighting condition of the facilities, how many animals are in the yard... And everything is in order.

And our initiative to limit the number of animals in private household plots was not supported even by our neighbors - Dagestan, Kalmykia, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic...

And again about accounting and control...

Viktor Barylenko, deputy head of administration - head of the department of agriculture and environmental protection of the administration of the Petrovsky municipal district, rightly noted that personal subsidiary farming, in the conditions of optimizing the number of workers in large agricultural enterprises and the outflow of residents from the village, becomes a factor that “holds” the rural settlement, does not give him to die. It becomes a source of income for rural residents and allows them to provide the region with food.

– According to statistics, there are 14,551 personal subsidiary plots in the region. They produce 84.6 percent milk and 89.7 percent meat.

The rules for keeping, grazing and running in the area are defined. But the requirement for a 50-meter barrier cannot always be met due to the size of the plots. The solution to the issue of the number of animals in private household plots can be the provision of land plots for rent or the provision of public easements for grazing livestock outside populated areas. In these cases, it will be possible to apply grazing standards and control by the administration, noted Barylenko. He is concerned that some of the livestock are located outside the settlements, and they are not registered, not taken into account, and the budget does not receive deductions from them. What is also worrying is the movement of animals from neighboring territories, which is not coordinated with the veterinary service, which leads to a worsening of the epizootic situation. The deputy head proposed increasing fines for transporting livestock without accompanying documents. And further:

- About easement. It will be difficult for municipal areas to conduct grazing surveys: there are few funds and specialists. I think this work should be carried out jointly, and perhaps partly at the expense of the user. When he receives the right to use the pastures, he will look after them and will not allow outsiders there.

An alarming topic was raised by Yuriy Senatenko, head of the territorial department of the Rospotrebnadzor Office for the Investigative Committee in the Ipatovsky district:

– The region today is a leader in brucellosis among animals and people. We are reaping the consequences of both the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, registering up to 20 new cases a year. And most importantly: the legislation today does not give us the right to apply the sanctions that were discussed today. Other services are related to the passage and maintenance of animals from private farms, but we do not. We are concerned about this lack of legislation; it needs to be corrected. I don’t agree that we need to act today only with carrots. We also need to punish...

Law to help

Ivan Kuzminov, head of the Office of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance in the Stavropol Territory, offered real help to farmers:

– Our service has the supervisory and control function of agricultural lands regarding the movement and deterioration of the fertile layer of the earth. On February 15, 2014, an amendment to the Code of Administrative Offenses came into force. For non-use of agricultural land, huge fines of up to 500 thousand are now imposed. So, here they talked about pastures: one has, the other uses. Does it happen that these lands are plowed up? Happens! And you are silent. There is a precedent in the region, in the Arzgir region: with our help, the district administration seized the pasture from the owner. After all, it takes at least 5–7 years to restore a plowed pasture. So in such cases, don’t be silent! We are ready to help you, to use the right that the government has given.

Alexander Zakharchenko, head of the administration of the Petrovsky municipal district, said that there is a lot of unregistered livestock in the area.

– It turns out that grazing lands are being used, but no one is responsible for this. It is not right. In addition to accounting, it is necessary that sick cattle are not brought in... If we teach everyone to order, to the rules, to the law, then our biological resources will be richer and healthier than they are today. Otherwise, they bring in sick livestock, and then we suffer, we don’t know where to take it out, where to dispose of it... I urge the federal services to take a more stringent approach to this. If you need to fine - fine!

Nobody but ourselves

Alexander Nagaev, First Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Stavropol Territory, outlined the position of the ministry:

– Today we are discussing one of the most pressing issues relating to personal plots. I want to say: no one will restore order here. This is our task. The regulatory framework allows us to resolve issues, you just need to use it. We talked about municipal control. But in order for it to be carried out, provisions, procedures, and administrative regulations for conducting municipal inspections are necessary. So far, preparatory work has been carried out in only a few districts - Budennovsky, Novoselitsky, Mineralovodsky, Novoaleksandrovsky. The work is difficult and perhaps thankless, but it must be done.

Second question. Load on pastures. Regulatory documents on this issue have not yet been adopted in Petrovsky, Grachevsky, Izobilnensky, Shpakovsky and Sovetsky districts, and partly in Stepnovsky. Not all districts have operational headquarters or interdepartmental working groups that can be used to restore order. They need to be created. In addition, the Ministry of Agriculture has created a sector to ensure the fertility of agricultural lands. We will support everyone who contacts us. In addition, we will interact with federal and regional structures and support municipalities.

Today, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation takes a clear position on issues of private farming. He set the task that, if necessary, the right to enter and inspect the farm was ensured, starting from the number of livestock and ending with the sanitary and epidemiological situation.

Chairman Vladimir Trukhachev drew the line:

“Today we discussed the most important issue for our region. As you can see, there are plenty of mechanisms to restore order. In general, across the region, it is necessary to develop a unified approach: “If an animal grazes on the lands of the region without a tag with a number, then this is an ownerless animal - a threat to humans!” This animal (in accordance with current legislation) must be isolated to determine the owner. If the owner does not show up, then it should be sent to a meat processing plant. Part of the proceeds for the meat is sent to reimburse the costs of the person who kept it in the detention center, and the remaining funds are sent to the budget of the municipality. If this is not done, then in such a municipality there is no veterinary service and local authorities!

Which pastures are best?

It is recommended to graze domestic animals on ecologically clean land plots that are located away from roads, industrial enterprises and cities. It is advisable for cows to eat to their heart's content. Preferred herbs are clover, alfalfa, timothy, fescue, and medicinal plants.

It is forbidden to graze livestock in meadows where there are many poisonous or soapy herbs containing saponins. It is best to graze cows on a private, fenced-off pasture of the legume-grain type, where stray dogs do not run around and where other animals do not enter. The recommended grass height is 10-15 cm. It is recommended to mow taller plants and dry them in the sun. In addition to grass, in summer animals need to be given 150 grams of salt and 60-70 liters of water per day.

Basic rules for keeping livestock on pastures

Keeping a herd of more than 200 animals is impractical. With a large number of livestock grazing, some of the grass will simply be trampled down.
The area of green meadow per unit of livestock is 0.5 hectares for adult animals and 0.2 hectares for young animals.
It is worth switching cows completely to grass when the plants are no lower than 10-12 cm.
The transition to a green food supply should be gradual; animals need to be fed in the first 10 days.
You can start the grazing season half a month earlier if you graze winter rye or cruciferous crops.
To avoid overripening of forbs, uneaten areas should be mowed.
The height of the grass should not be more than 15 cm; if it is 20-25 cm, then the animals will eat 35-40% less on average.
Partial mowing and wilting of grass tufts improves the food supply.
It is very important to provide animals with access to salt - 150 g per day per cow.
There is plenty of drinking water - up to 120 liters per animal.

Selection rules

In order to choose a good device that will last more than one season, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

Method of nutrition. This can be an electrical network, a battery or solar panels. You need to choose a feeding method based on the characteristics of the pasture. A profitable option is a symbiosis of a battery with solar panels.
Features of the herd. What animals are present in the herd directly influences the choice of power. Medium voltage will be optimal for a mixed herd with small animals (sheep, goats, and young cattle). If these are adult cattle, then you will need a powerful device.
The density of vegetation in the pasture. As the manufacturers mention, the current strength can be significantly reduced if the live wire comes into contact with the grass.
For permanent pastures it is much easier to choose a device, since you can buy a permanent type device. Such electric shepherds are massive, but cover a large area, and their mobility is low.

How much pasture space does one cow need?

It would seem that there is nothing easier than herding cows. You can drive the herd to any green meadow and watch them in the shade of the trees. But no - you need to carefully monitor that cows do not enter marshy lands or cultivated fields.

In order for pastures to be most suitable for animals, they must be put in order and constantly kept clean.

Ideally, an area of half a hectare should be designed for one cow. The grass should be flowery, high-yielding and near a natural body of water. If there is no possibility for grazing animals in such conditions, and your territories are dominated by wormwood fields, then the pasture area per head should be 1.25 hectares. As noted above, the distance between pastures should be no more than two kilometers. The distance from the pasture site to the parking lot or to the farm should be on average about three kilometers so that the animals can safely overcome it.

Young animals, as a rule, are grazed in nearby paddocks with a small area of up to 15 hectares, but it all depends on the number of calves in the herd.

See the video below about the benefits of grazing cows.

How to properly graze a cow according to Russian law

Hello. I herd cows and walk them home through neighborhoods. So the cows trample the gardens, and those who had a cow know that you can’t lead a cow out of the way, even if you stand up with your chest!

1) how to properly graze a cow according to the law of the Russian Federation?

2) under what article can a person be convicted for setting a dog on a person?

Local governments determine the procedure for organizing livestock grazing. Grazing in urban and rural settlements outside designated areas is prohibited by regulatory and legal acts of local governments and municipalities.

You need to know in which region (region, republic) you live. Grazing outside designated areas is an administrative offense and entails a fine.

But, if the current situation allows us to say with confidence that the local government administration did not take care of allocating areas for grazing, then livestock can be grazed in a way that does not infringe on anyone’s rights.

I will give you a quote from the Rules for keeping agricultural (productive) animals in personal subsidiary plots, peasant (farm) holdings of individual entrepreneurs in the Krasnodar Territory.

6.1. During the spring and summer, the livestock of animals, with the exception of pigs, must be organized by its owners into herds for grazing with the appointment of a responsible person. If it is impossible to organize grazing of animals in the herd, the Owners are obliged to ensure that the animals are kept in stalls.

6.2. Grazing of animals in organized herds is permitted on pastures.

6.3. Free grazing of animals is allowed in the fenced territory of the owner of the land plot.

6.4. It is prohibited to graze animals in public places (in flower beds, stadiums), within the boundaries of coastal protective strips and highway right of way (except for cases provided for by current legislation).

6.5. Unattended grazing of animals is prohibited.

6.6. The driving of animals to grazing areas is carried out by the owners or authorized representatives (shepherds) through the territory strictly designated by the settlement administration in accordance with a specific livestock driving plan, indicating the streets along which driving is permitted.

Source

Proper grazing of cows

Properly organizing cattle feeding is simple if you plan to graze 3-4 cows. If you have to graze a large herd of 100-150 heads, this is already difficult and will require special knowledge from the shepherds about the behavior of livestock and their habits.

The main thing you should pay attention to is the correct choice of pasture. A cow can eat up to 50 kg of forbs per day

Therefore, the pasture must contain a sufficient amount of succulent grass. In addition, cattle are not very willing to graze on grass below 15 cm and above 35 cm.

In the first case, the greens are not yet juicy enough, and there is also a high probability of cows grabbing metal objects (nails, etc.) due to the short height of the plants. In addition, grazing in such an area can greatly slow down the further growth of plants (they simply will not have time to grow and will die during the summer heat)
In the second case, the food is already too hard and it is difficult for the cow to digest it

You should also clearly compare herd size to pasture type. In this case, the following rules apply:

Grazing in meadows is carried out for a herd of no more than 120 animals.
On forest pastures it is divided into groups of 50-60 individuals.

Grazing begins in the morning. Animals achieve the highest productivity if the grazing time is 8-10 hours. To do this, he is taken out to pasture in the morning for 4-5 hours and in the afternoon for the same period of time.

In the summer heat, cattle are driven out to pasture from 4 to 9 o'clock in the morning. After this, he is allowed to rest in a covered pen or stable for up to 5 hours and is turned out again until about 9-10 pm. During grazing periods, animals must have access to water.

Responsibility for violating the rules of grazing livestock

Violations of the rules of grazing livestock, for which administrative liability is established, include (part 1 of article 8.26, part 4 of article 11.1, part 1 of article 11.21, part 2 of article 18.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation

• grazing of farm animals on lands where forests are located, in places where this is prohibited;

• grazing of farm animals without a shepherd on unfenced pastures or without a tether, as well as grazing of livestock in violation of deadlines (for example, when the grass cover has not formed) or in violation of grazing standards, that is, more animals in the allotted area;

• violation of rules for grazing near railway tracks;

• grazing of animals outside specially designated areas agreed with the owners of highways;

• keeping or grazing livestock in the quarantine zone within the border zone without the permission of the border authorities or with the permission of such authorities, but in violation of the established procedure.

It should be noted that the driver leading the herd is the driver (clause 1.2 of the traffic rules, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 23, 1993 No. 1090

).
For violation of traffic rules by a driver, administrative liability is provided (part 2 of article 12.29, article 12.30 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
).

Illegal grazing or driving of livestock may entail liability in the form of compensation for damage (Articles 1064, 1100 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation

Based on materials (“Electronic magazine “ABC of Law”, 2020)

Source

How to choose a place for a cow to pasture

It is a mistake to believe that any grassy area is suitable for grazing cattle.

Particular attention should be paid to both the choice of grass and pasture area, the presence of a watering hole and the distance to the farm

Important! Clover eaten by a cow on an empty stomach can cause rumen swelling.

Area and distances

There must be at least 0.5 hectares of pasture per head of cattle. With low grass yields, for example, in wormwood or fescue fields, the volume of pasture territory can increase to 1–1.25 hectares per head.

The distance to the farm should be no more than 2–3 km. Otherwise, the animals will get tired after traveling a long way.

Herbs

The quality of herbs is as important as their quantity. Cereals and legumes are best suited for cattle

You will be interested in learning how to choose a cow, which breeds of cows are considered the best, which breeds of cows are considered meat and which are dairy, and also how to milk a cow correctly.

Wetlands are especially dangerous for cows, as they can cause helminth infection and also pose a danger due to poisonous plants. It is advisable to avoid wooded areas when choosing a place for pasture.

Animals may injure their udders or hooves in this area. In addition, there are many ticks and other harmful insects in wooded areas. They can cause infection in animals.

Did you know? Even presidents love cows. Ophelia is the name of the cow of the 43rd US President George W. Bush.

Water sources

It is optimal if there is a natural watering hole within a radius of 1–2 km from the pasture. But before setting up a pasture in such a place, it is necessary to take laboratory water samples to exclude the possibility of infection. It is better not to use rainwater for drinking water because it has a poor mineral composition.

If it is not possible to use other water, then cows need to introduce mineral supplements into their diet. Artesian waters, which lie deep underground, can be oversaturated with salts. We must be prepared for the fact that animals will simply refuse to drink such water.

Important! Wet areas within the pasture should be fenced off to prevent cows from accessing them. If there is no other opportunity for watering, wells are dug in the ground.

The water should be changed every time cattle drink to avoid bacterial growth. Cows should drink regularly, 2-3 times a day, in summer - up to 5 times. It is important to monitor the water temperature - it should be at least +20 °C.

If there is no other possibility for watering, wells are dug in the ground. The water should be changed every time cattle drink to avoid bacterial growth. Cows should drink regularly, 2–3 times a day, in summer - up to 5 times

It is important to monitor the water temperature - it should be at least +20 °C.

Places for grazing

Khomochka

I tried to find out this question in other topics, but did not find a specific answer. That's why I'm creating a separate topic. The question of allocating places for grazing by the administration of a rural settlement. Those. First of all, I want to find out directly from those who keep horses on the territory of rural settlements (I have a private plot of private farms, lands of settlements).

There is Article 25 of the Federal Law “On General Principles for the Organization of Local Self-Government,” which states that local government bodies determine the procedure for organizing livestock grazing, places and areas for grazing. The village gathering or meeting is also authorized to determine places for pastures and livestock walking. Grazing cattle must be supervised or on a leash, or in a fenced area. The council of deputies of the rural settlement makes decisions and approves the rules for keeping domestic animals and grazing areas. Grazing in urban and rural settlements outside designated areas is prohibited by regulatory and legal acts of local governments and municipalities. This is considered an administrative offense and entails a fine.

“Fine for grazing cows outside the pasture Question, cows were fined for grazing outside the pasture, although we don’t have a pasture and a shepherd, what should we do? Administration employees fined

I believe that if the administration did not take care of allocating areas for grazing and did not adopt prohibitory acts and regulations, then it is possible to graze and walk livestock, but in such a way that it does not infringe on anyone’s interests.

Write a Complaint to the Administration that there is no pasture, but on the basis of Article 25 of the Federal Law “On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government” there should be one. We ask you to cancel the fine and provide the area for grazing.”

Source

How to rebuild a cow's diet when grazing on green grass begins

Excess protein in green herbs needs to be balanced with carbohydrates. With the beginning of the grazing period, be sure to include corn and/or succulent feed (optimally potatoes and fodder beets) in the diet.

The lack of phosphorus can be compensated for by including wheat bran, cereal bran and grains in the diet. Deficiency of magnesium, cobalt, selenium and other microelements is corrected with the help of salt-mineral supplements, premixes - 80-100 grams per day. It is very good if lickers are installed in the barn.

Examples of diets for high-yielding cows weighing 500 kg during the grazing period can be seen in this topic dedicated to legumes on moikorovu.ru.

And I gave examples of menus for cows weighing 600 kg and with different milk yields.