How to properly keep and care for chickens at home

How to properly care for chickens - modern approaches to poultry keeping

Keeping chickens takes a lot of time, effort and money. The use of modern technologies and approaches helps reduce costs. And this, first of all, is the correct organization and equipment of the chicken coop with everything necessary for the existence of birds.

Inside the poultry house - perches, feeders, ventilation through windows

Arranging a chicken coop and nests

The poultry house is built from logs or stone, insulated around the perimeter, not forgetting the ceiling. Inside it is installed:

perches;
nests;
feeders;
drinking bowls;
troughs with ash and chalk.

The perches are made of wood and placed in the warmest place. There should be up to 25-30 cm of free space per chicken. The perch steps are arranged in the form of an inclined ladder. It is also worth paying attention to the possibility of growing them in cages. If there are a lot of birds, then cage keeping is the best option.

Important! The distance from the floor to the first step of the perch should not be more than 50-70 cm. There is no need to place them on top of each other. Birds that have climbed to the very top will stain those below with droppings.

Birds on roosts in the evening

There are 0.5 nests for each egg-laying hen. 2-3 birds can easily fly into one nest. For meat breeds, 1 nest for 5-6 individuals is enough. They are placed in the far corner of the house on the floor or on a small hill. Hay and straw are used as filler. Any box with low edges is suitable for the nest itself.

Temperature and lighting in the poultry house

On private farmsteads, birds are kept in a stable with an air temperature of at least +17... +20 degrees in winter. On large farms, the temperature in poultry houses is reduced to +12… +13 degrees. This allows you to save on heating, but does not affect the condition of the birds, which warm each other with their own bodies.

On a note! To regularly measure the temperature in the chicken coop, hang a thermometer.

Heat the room using infrared heaters or lamps. They are also used to extend daylight hours in winter, bringing it to 12-14 hours. There should always be light in the poultry house during the day. Lack of light negatively affects weight gain and laying, and there are fewer eggs.

Temperature and ventilation

Ventilation holes help cool and ventilate the room. They are made in different corners of the room or under the roof. Large fans are installed on farms. To ventilate a small barn, it is enough to open several windows for 10-15 minutes a day.

Feeders, drinkers and ash baths

Circular feeders and nipple drinkers are installed in poultry houses. You need containers to fill them with ash, as birds love to take ash baths. Feeders and drinking bowls are constantly cleaned. After the mash, they are washed immediately, making sure that nothing remains. Spoiled food can cause poisoning.

Circular feeders for the convenience of birds

Choosing the best egg-laying breeds

If you want to produce a lot of eggs and make extremely profitable production, then you need to choose the right chicken breed. It is not always worth choosing only from foreign options, since domestic poultry farmers also raise decent breeds of chickens, which are in no way inferior in egg production to the best “Europeans”. Let's consider the most acceptable options for our climate zone:

Laying hens Loman Brown. One of the most popular breeds in Russia and neighboring countries. They have not given up the first positions in the rating for decades and with their egg production they surprise every poultry farmer - about 315 eggs per year. Sexual maturity of an individual occurs in 4-5 months, after which the chicken is productive for 2-3 years, and the number of eggs laid will increase with each month. They are resistant to diseases and have very high vitality - almost all chickens survive (98% safety of young animals). The testicle is large in size - up to 80 grams, and one chicken consumes no more than 130 grams of food per day.
Dutch Heisex laying hens are small individuals weighing only 1.5-2 kg, they reach sexual maturity after 120-130 days, after which they rapidly increase egg production over the course of 1 year. The egg production of white chickens is 290 eggs per year, gray and brown - 320 eggs. This difference is due to the fact that the former spend more energy on heating the body during the cold season, so they carry a little worse. The egg is relatively large - up to 65-80 grams, has a hard shell, which significantly increases its transportability.
Pushkin motley. One of the most “bright” chickens, which not only lays eggs wonderfully, but also pleases the owner’s eye. Many people keep them only for decoration and variety of the household yard (especially since such decoration also brings good profit). The egg production of this species is 315 eggs per year, the weight of one egg is 75 grams. Chickens have a Nordic, reserved character - strong, stand firmly on their feet, walk importantly around the yard and do not fuss at the slightest noise. Survival of young animals is 99%, of adults – 95%. It is not recommended to combine this breed with another in the same area - the bird is proud, does not like company and can conflict.
Kuchinskaya Jubilee. Versatile chicken - you can keep it for an omelet, or chop it into soup if necessary. One of the best meat-egg chickens , which lays up to 240 eggs per year and quickly gains live weight. The chicken already begins to please the owner with eggs at the age of 5-6 months (or immediately turns into a meat breed), and begins to lay small ones - weighing 60 grams. With proper nutrition and care, the survival rate of young animals is 99%; the variety is well acclimatized and feels great in any living conditions.

You need to immediately decide for what purpose you will keep the chicken coop, since the difference between egg-laying breeds and meat breeds is very large (up to 100 eggs per year). If it is important for you to obtain only a secondary product, then it is better to give preference to foreign breeds. If you also prefer to eat or sell chicken meat, then it would be better to give preference to meat-egg breeds that have an optimal ratio of weight and egg production.

How to properly care for chickens

To receive newborn chicks, a place is prepared in advance. If an incubator helps the chicks to be born, then immediately after drying they are placed in a spacious box covered with a soft cloth. It is placed on a mesh wooden bed or boards raised 60-80 cm above the floor. An electric stove or fireplace is placed under the box, and a lamp is mounted on top.

Important! Having a good hen makes the job much easier. The chicken can maintain the desired body temperature of the chicken, it warms it better than a heater, and shows how and what to eat.

The temperature in the room where the chickens are located should not fall below +28... +29 degrees. It is reduced gradually, starting from the 7th day of the brood’s life. It's best to place the chicks in a brooder, but if you don't have one, a box or crate will do just fine. A closed drinking bowl and feeder are placed inside.

Day-old and week-old chicks must always be in the light. Once they reach 2 weeks, daylight hours are reduced to 8-9 hours.

Proper chicken management

Cell

The cage is the most important moment in the entire future life of your new ward, so its choice should be approached as responsibly as possible, which we will definitely do in the next material.

To begin with, you should know only the most important features of the choice. The cage should be reliable, safe and comfortable both for the bird itself and for you.

The best option is a stainless steel cage. It is very reliable and durable, easy to clean. And your pet will not be able to pick paint off the rods, diluting its diet with it.

As for size, everything is simple: a big bird needs a big cage. It is also worth remembering that there should be enough space inside for all the required elements: a feeder, a drinker, a perch, a nest box, a bathtub and several toys.

When choosing, it is better to neglect the beauty of the cell, giving preference to a simple rectangular high or wide “box”. The fewer decorative elements it has, the easier it will be to clean it.

An additional plus is the retractable pestle tray. It is very convenient to remove it, practically without disturbing the occupant, and is easy to clean.

And the last important point that is worth remembering at this stage: birds of different types and sizes cannot be housed in the same cage.

Brood feeding schedule

The chicken menu for the day is made up, taking into account its age:

0-7 days. The first feeding is carried out 12 hours after birth. The chickens are fed boiled eggs. A day later, they give corn grits, millet and milk. By the end of the week, you can feed them finely chopped greens. There must be water or milk in the drinking bowl. These chickens are fed up to 10 times a day.
7-14 days. The chickens are fed green onions and sorrel, potatoes and carrots are ground for them, and cottage cheese is given to them.
3 weeks. The menu includes foods that adult chickens eat. The chickens are released for a walk. The number of feedings is reduced to 5-6.

Not all chicks understand how to eat food; some refuse it and die. To prevent this from happening, the goiter is probed after each feeding.

Grown up chicken in a cage

Broiler maintenance

Broilers are a meat type of chicken. Their rearing is largely the same as that of laying hens, although there are some differences.

Broilers are most often kept in cages. They don't need a lot of space to grow. The main thing is to provide high-calorie and balanced nutrition. It is best to fatten broiler breeds with special feed, which contains a lot of protein, vitamins and minerals. With good feeding, broilers gain weight very quickly and at the age of two to two and a half months they are ready to eat.

You can also safely raise broiler chickens in a regular chicken coop, the conditions are the same as for regular chickens, one difference is that they do not need high perches. Broilers are quite heavy chickens, so most often they are placed on the floor. How to properly raise broiler chicken breeds at home can be seen in the video.

Care of laying hens, feeding

Laying hens are birds that are raised for the purpose of producing eggs. To ensure that the chicken lays eggs often, she is fed:

ready-made feed;
greenery;
pumpkin;
cucumbers;
potato;
carrots;
whole grains (oats, corn, barley, wheat).

Chalk, shells or bone meal are placed in the feeders. It is beneficial for laying hens to walk in the fresh air and take vitamin supplements. Receiving the necessary amount of vitamins, the chicken lays eggs even during molting.

Important! Keeping laying hens is almost no different from raising regular pullets; the only difference is in the quantity and quality of feed, as well as the need to feed the birds special additives that increase egg production.

Raising poultry on an industrial scale

Ash baths - care and prevention of parasites

A mandatory element of successful keeping and proper care of domestic chickens is the prevention of parasites. A variety of skin parasites - lice, fleas, feather eaters, mites and others - can so exhaust and exhaust a bird that it will not only reduce productivity, but may well die.

Chickens should be able, even indoors, to get rid of parasites and maintain clean feathers, which is important not only from an aesthetic point of view. Clean feathers retain heat well due to air bubbles located between the feather fibers. Wet and dirty feathers will lead to rapid hypothermia or overheating, illness and death of the bird.

An ash box measuring 1.2 × 0.6 m and 25 cm high is installed in one of the corners of the poultry house, pouring into it wood ash mixed with clean river sand in equal proportions. If the mixture becomes dirty, replace it with a fresh one. If the bird is attacked by mites, colloidal sulfur powder can be added to the ash, and after a few days the mixture can be removed by adding the usual composition.

Carrying out a sanitary day in the chicken coop

The chicken coop is regularly cleaned of droppings (at least once a week), and the litter is changed. General cleaning is carried out once every six months. The walls and ceiling are whitened using lime. If fleas and other parasites have settled in the room, then special smoke bombs are used to treat it.

Before processing the premises, all chickens are temporarily relocated to another location. In winter, this is not easy to do due to the lack of additional chicken coops where the poultry flock could be kept. It is better to organize a sanitary day in spring or summer.

Note! If lime is used, it is purchased at the rate of 7-8 kg per 10 square meters. meters. It is also better to whitewash the walls after moving the birds to another barn, but you don’t have to do this, the risk is minimal.

Litter processing

With proper maintenance and proper feeding, chicken droppings are rich in microelements. A large amount of it is a poisonous suspension. Processing chicken manure is an important task that needs the right solution.

The best option is to make compost. To do this, the droppings are mixed with various plant wastes (residues of vegetables and fruits, leaves, weeds), straw, sawdust, peat, shavings. Fresh plants cannot be used for compost.

REFERENCE! Peat is used only if the compost will mature for a year and will have time to decompose.

Keeping chickens at home is not easy, but it is always profitable. As a result, you will not only have food, but also excellent fertilizer for your garden.

Free-range domestic chickens

Domestic chickens should roam freely around the property for at least several hours a day in the summer and at least 10-15 minutes in the winter. They feed on subcutaneous food - they collect worms and beetles, and look for herbs that are beneficial to the body. Birds that roam free fly better, their immune system is strengthened, and the risk of developing dangerous diseases is reduced.

Walking can be organized in a pen adjacent to the chicken coop or in a separate pasture. Birds do not tend to wander far from the dacha, so there is no need to fear that they will disappear if you do not constantly look after them.

Winter bird walking in the yard

Where to put

The two main requirements for the place where the bird cage will be placed are warmth and light. In this case, the window sill will be the least successful option - in cold weather, due to air movement, the bird can catch a cold, and in the summer, being under direct sunlight, it can overheat.

It is best to place the cage on the side or wall opposite the window, at approximately the height of your chest. On cloudy and winter days, artificial lighting will be enough for your pet.

Also, the room where your pet will live must be regularly ventilated, but you need to watch out for drafts so that the bird does not get blown through.

It is better to move in in the morning, so that the new tenant can get used to it during the day and sleep peacefully at night.

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Useful tips

When planning to breed birds on an industrial scale or for yourself, you need to consider the following points:

Chickens consume a lot of feed. If the owners do not plan to receive eggs in winter, then it is better to slaughter the chickens. Birds of meat breeds are disposed of in early autumn.
You will have to spend money on equipping the chicken coop and nutrients. To keep birds healthy, you need to purchase mineral supplements and vitamins for them. In order for the chickens to lay eggs better, light and heating will need to be installed in the poultry house.

Important! The main thing is to choose the right breed, guided by the description provided by the breeders or personal experience. There are egg, meat and mixed types of pedigree chickens. An adult meat chicken weighs 5-7 kg, roosters weigh more. An egg-laying chicken will lay about 150-200 eggs per year, but its weight at slaughter does not exceed 2.5-3 kg.