Scientists are very obsessive people and often experiment on themselves. Briton John Haldane broke his spine to study the overload experienced by submariners. Russian scientist Ilya Mechnikov deliberately infected himself with typhus, and his colleague Nikolai Gamaleya drank a cocktail of cholera pathogens. American biologist Justin Schmidt has experienced the bites of more than 150 species of insects, and has compiled his own sting strength scale. Referring to the Schmidt scale data, our short review presents the most painful stinging insects in ascending order of pain level.
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Sweet bee
In Russian, such bees were given the name “sweat”, as they are attracted by the aroma of salt in human sweat. The most numerous is the Halictidae family, numbering more than 3,500 species.
They often attack people, especially those who want to brush them off. The bee takes hand waves as a sign of aggression towards itself. In terms of bite strength, with an indicator of “1.0” it is at the lowest level.
Schmidt compared the stings of these bees to a small charge of electricity connected to every hair on the body.
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Bed bugs
The bites of different insects differ from each other, but in some ways they have similarities. A bug attack resembles a mosquito attack; swelling, redness, a blister, and severe itching appear. But bed bugs infest all year round, regardless of the temperature outside the window.
Insect bites
On a note!
Bites of domestic insects - bedbugs, initially appear with a certain frequency every 10-14 days. As the number of parasites increases, the interval shortens. With mass infection, new traces appear every night.
Bed bugs are active in the dark and attack a sleeping person. A round spot remains on the skin, accompanied by severe itching. The main symptom is the location of the wounds in the form of a path. The insect bites up to 5 times during one meal, the bites are placed in pairs at small intervals. With a large number of bedbugs, the spots merge with each other.
Fire ants
The bites of the Solenopsis invicta species (red fire ants) are especially painful. The bite is comparable to a burn, which is why this type of ant is nicknamed fire ants.
The entomologist, giving a score of 1.2, called the bite sudden and sharp, but not irritating. Pain occurs when the poison solenopsin is injected, which causes redness at the site of the bite.
For people with weak immunity and increased allegorical reactions, small insects can pose a mortal danger.
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#5. Fleas
Flea
Fleas are extremely unpleasant insects. We talked about them and their bites in more detail in the article Consequences of a flea bite. The attacks of these bloodsuckers are painful. Although different people experience flea attacks differently. Saliva is quite poisonous and causes irritation and itching . However, many types of parasites can exist and bite different hosts. This leads to very sad consequences, because... contributes to the transmission of many deadly diseases from animals to humans . For example, the plague.
Plague is cutaneous, pneumonic and bubonic. The most dangerous is pulmonary. A person dies within two or three days in severe agony, accompanied by coughing and pain. In addition to plague, fleas transmit typhus , melioidosis (false glanders), which affects internal organs, tularemia , worm parasites and other diseases.
Acacia ants / Acacia ant
Ants living on trees and shrubs belong to the large genus Pseudomyrmex. Found in Central and South America. The second species name is Bullhorn acacia ant.
They prefer to settle on acacia trees, as its juice protects them from natural enemies. The bite, rated 1.8 on the Schmidt scale, is quite painful.
Those who have encountered ants say that the bite is pinpoint, accompanied by piercing pain. It feels as if the body has been pierced with a sharp needle or squeezed between the two surfaces of a stapler.
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Dolichovespula maculata
Because of its appearance, the annoying insect is also called the White-faced Hornet. There are clearly visible white spots on the insect's head. Lives in the Northern Hemisphere of the planet. In America they are called yellow-jackets, and there are 18 species in total on the planet.
It makes its paper nests near human habitation, and often aggressively defends them with its entire flock. The bite is painful, intense, accompanied by a burning sensation and needle-like pain.
A wasp from the genus Dolichovespula is firmly entrenched in the top ten painfully stinging insects with a score of 2.0 points.
Social wasps / Vespinae
The large subfamily of Foldoptera is distinguished by the complex social organization of its colonies and the bizarre architectural forms of its nests.
The bite is painful, burning, as if a cigarette is being put out on the body. Particularly dangerous for people with allergies. On the Schmidt scale, 2.0 points, but according to those who encountered wasps in childhood, it is much higher.
These insects have a rather aggressive disposition, and they are able to defend themselves and their home by stabbing their sharp sting into the body several times.
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Mosquito
Mosquitoes, all stages of development, except adults, pass in the fresh water of lakes, ponds and swamps. In humid forests and tundra there is no other way to escape them than repellents and protective mosquito nets. It is interesting that it is the female mosquito that feeds on human blood, and not the male mosquito. The mosquito, that is, the female, drinks blood to carry out its reproductive function, while the male receives food only from plant juice.
Essential oils of cloves, anise and camphor repel all blood-sucking creatures, including mosquitoes. You can make a mixture of several different oils. You will get excellent and safe protection from mosquitoes and other blood-sucking creatures that hunt nearby.
When going outdoors, don’t forget to take a bottle of the mixture with you so you can use it several times. As we said above, after an hour or less, the smell applied to the skin weakens, and the flying blood-sucking insects begin to attack again.
Female mosquitoes make a characteristic thin sound. When there are especially many mosquitoes, an incessant hum can be heard in the air. They are especially fierce in hot weather before rain. The bites quickly become inflamed and the skin swells. No matter how itchy the wound is, you cannot scratch it - it will only itch even more, and blood poisoning may occur. Pharmacy "Psilo-balm", "Fenistil" and butadione ointment, as well as an aqueous solution of baking soda, help to quickly relieve irritation.
Mosquitoes are active mainly from May to October, but it happens that the mosquito family settles in warm and damp basements of residential buildings. Then there is no escape from their squeaks and bites even in winter.
If a midge lives no longer than three dozen days, then mosquitoes born at the end of summer, after 1-2 months, with the onset of cold weather, enter diapause, from which they emerge with the onset of warm weather.
As for diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, these are certain types of encephalitis, malaria, dengue, yellow fever and lymphatic filariasis. The most dangerous in this regard are females that have undergone diapause.
Long-term protection against mosquitoes is, first of all, the elimination of their breeding centers located near human habitation. Such measures include: draining small stagnant reservoirs and swamps, maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in basements, and active use of insecticides.
The fight against blood-sucking insects is also possible using environmentally friendly methods, in particular, by populating reservoirs with the fish Gambusia, which feeds on mosquito larvae, planting eucalyptus trees along the banks and breeding certain types of gram-positive, spore-forming soil bacteria, which are insecticidal food for the larvae of mosquitoes, midges and mosquitoes.
Honey bee / Apis mellifera
A beneficial insect that has been used by humans since ancient times to produce honey and wax. But they bite quite painfully. The bite site immediately turns red and there is a slight swelling.
The strength of the bite is rated at 2.0 points, and the pain is comparable to a severe burn. After stinging, the bee dies as it leaves a sting in the victim's body.
Many people volunteer to be bitten, as it is believed that this is an excellent remedy for radiculitis.
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Hornet/Vespa
The largest representative of the genus Vespa mandarinia grows up to 5.5 cm, and in addition, all species are equipped with a sharp sting. Hornets have spread throughout all regions of the Northern Hemisphere, except for the Far North.
By thrusting their sting, they release venom that contains acetylcholine. Because of this, the sting of these flying insects is more painful than that of ordinary wasps. On the pain scale it is rated at 2 points. Can bite several times in a row during one attack.
The poison, when it enters the body, causes allergies, and a person can die from anaphylactic shock if medical assistance is not provided in a timely manner.
By the way, on our website most-beauty.ru there is an interesting article about the most poisonous and dangerous insects in Australia.
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Insects dangerous to humans
These insects surround humans everywhere. They bite painfully, release toxic substances, drink blood, and carry diseases and parasites.
Russia is home to many poisonous insects that can cause serious harm to humans.
Fleas
When bitten, a dangerous infection such as plague or typhus can be introduced into the body. There are five types of fleas in Russia:
- human;
- canine;
- feline;
- rabbit;
- rat.
Types of fleas
Fleas carry the pathogens of salmonellosis, pasteurellosis, brucellosis, hepatitis B and C, and tularemia. When bitten, saliva is released, which causes burning and itching.
Horseflies
Large and fleshy biting flies that actively attack people and animals and feed on their blood. Females prefer to bite wild and domestic mammals, but if there is no choice, they can begin to attack people.
At one time, a female horsefly sucks approximately 200 mg of blood. After drinking the blood of an animal, the insect becomes a carrier of dangerous infectious diseases, which can also be transmitted to humans.
Horseflies pose a danger to both humans and cattle
When bitten, a horsefly releases toxic saliva into the bloodstream, which causes severe itching on the skin. If you have an allergy, anaphylactic shock may occur.
The bite of a horsefly is one of the most painful among insects. They have a sharp proboscis, whose structure resembles a surgical scalpel.
Autumn burner
A small fly measuring up to 7 mm with a stocky gray body. They are blood-sucking insects that actively attack humans and domestic animals. It can often be seen in places where cattle gather. Carries tularemia and anthrax. Found in all geographic regions of the world.
The bite of a live fly is dangerous due to the entry of pathogenic microorganisms into the blood
Bed bug
These insects live in crowded places and feed on human blood at night, hiding in the nooks of the home during the day. Body length – from 3 to 8.4 mm. Color ranges from dirty yellow to dark brown. There are three types of house bugs:
- cimex lectularius - occurs most often, has a specific odor, loves the blood of children due to the close proximity of the vessels to the skin;
- cimex pipistrelli - drink the blood of bats;
- oeciacus hirundinis – sucks blood from birds, transmits pathogens.
Bedbugs sneak into people's beds, bite through the skin and suck blood, causing serious discomfort and leaving red marks on the skin.
Bedbugs are dangerous blood-sucking parasites; their bites can cause an allergic reaction.
A bug bite mark causes itching, irritation, and a rash. They can introduce infection into the human body. Getting rid of bedbugs is not very easy.
Lice
Small wingless insects that parasitize the scalp, body or pubic hair of a person and suck blood from it. The infestation of lice causes a skin lesion called pediculosis.
Parasites that settle on the hairline leave grayish eggs behind the ears and on the back of the head. Body lice carry vector-borne diseases, and head lice cause relapsing fever. Sometimes they provoke pustular diseases.
Lice are wingless parasitic insects that feed on human blood.
Mosquitoes
Blood-sucking insects that dig into the human body with their proboscis. There is slight redness and itching at the site of the bite. Through their bites they transmit many dangerous diseases. In the evening they become much more active.
The list of diseases carried by mosquitoes includes encephalitis, malaria, and yellow fever, from which millions of people die every year.
Mosquitoes, in addition to painful bites, can carry various infectious diseases
In total, there are about 40 bacterial, viral and parasitic infections caused by mosquitoes.
Calyptra cornflower
A moth butterfly that feeds on the blood of living creatures. By piercing the skin with its proboscis, it can become saturated with human blood within 20 minutes. The bloodsuckers of this species are males, while females are busy collecting nectar. This species of butterfly is nocturnal.
Calyptra basilfolia is a night butterfly that feeds on the blood of living creatures.
Gadflies
The insect belongs to the order Diptera. There are about a dozen varieties of gadflies in total. They are generally named after the animals they tend to parasitize. There are horse, sheep, and subcutaneous gadflies. The cavitary botfly parasitizes humans, clinging to the internal cavities of the nose and eye folds.
Gadflies lay larvae in the body of mammals. The insect looks like a large, hairy fly, reaching one and a half centimeters in length. These are carriers of dangerous pathogens.
There have been cases when insects stung a person directly in the eye, causing him to become blind.
The gadfly is a large fly that parasitizes the body of animals and humans.
Scolopendra
This insect lives in the southwestern part of Russia. Its dimensions reach 16 cm. It belongs to the order of armored arthropods.
Scolopendra is a very dangerous insect. It usually hunts small rodents, invertebrates and other insects, doing this at night. An attack on a person occurs only in the event of a clear threat from him. But if this happens, the centipede mercilessly attacks the source of danger.
Scolopendra is an aggressive predator whose bite causes severe pain, burning, erythema and swelling
The bite of a scolopendra can be compared with the bites of fifteen wasps.
The poison is injected through a curved claw in the insect's jaws. The affected tissues become inflamed and numb. The person begins to experience weakness and headache. The place where the poisonous claw of the scolopendra has been hurts for several days.
Red forest ant
In Russia there are no truly dangerous species of ants that exist in southern countries, but an ordinary red ant can also cause trouble for a person. Its bite can cause anaphylactic shock, since at the moment of biting, acid is injected into the blood.
Insects live in forests, where they build anthills up to half a meter high. Each such “house” can house up to 250 thousand ant individuals. If the ants are in danger, they can attack the enemy in a swarm.
Red ants are carriers of pathogenic bacteria that can cause various diseases in humans
Ground beetle
An encounter with a ground beetle can lead to disastrous consequences, as it has a dangerous method of self-defense. If you get too close to the beetle, it can spray a caustic liquid from the back of its body, which flies at a distance of 50 cm. If the liquid gets on the skin, the person experiences an unpleasant burning sensation. In case of contact with eyes, mouth or throat, rinse the affected part of the body with water.
The ground beetle is a poisonous beetle that, when threatened, releases a burning substance that causes severe burns.
Argiope
A large spider, the females of which reach 3 cm in length. It is found throughout the globe with the exception of the polar zones.
Argiope females are distinguished by their bright black and yellow body color, black head and long legs. Males are much smaller in size - no more than 5 mm, and have a modest color.
Argiope is a black and yellow poisonous spider that can bite if disturbed.
Argiope hunts midges and larvae, luring them into its web. If a person does not touch them, they do not pose a danger to him. But if you pick up a female, she will sting a person, inserting the sting deep into the skin. The pain subsides after a few hours. Swelling, redness and numbness remain at the site of the bite, which disappears after two to three days.
Earwig
Belongs to the order Leatheroptera. It has an oblong body, a brown shell, and claws on the tail for capturing prey. The diet includes small invertebrates, aphids, mites and fruits. The insect is not poisonous, although its bites are still painful.
The bite of an earwig is very painful, although not poisonous.
According to popular belief, the earwig loves to crawl into a person's ears and disrupt his hearing. But this is a false legend that has nothing to do with the real behavior of the insect. The smell of a human body scares away the earwig, so it attacks only out of fear, sensing a threat to its life. Redness and itching occurs at the site of the bite.
Karakurt
One of the most poisonous arachnids, whose venom can be compared with that of the black widow.
Lives in the Arkhangelsk region, loves water and steppe areas. This insect looks like an enlarged ladybug. Not every animal can cope with it. Only females should be wary of death from a bite.
It is mainly the female karakurt spider that bites people.
Mite
These blood-sucking arachnids carry infectious diseases, primarily tick-borne encephalitis. This disease affects the human nervous system and manifests itself in the form of muscle cramps, vomiting, and blurred consciousness. It can ultimately lead to hallucinations, paralysis of the entire body and death, which is why ticks are rightly feared.
There are several varieties. Small dust mites live in people's homes, and for the most part they are harmless to humans. If there are obvious signs of their existence, it is worth treating the premises inside the house with acaricidal agents, which can be purchased at the pharmacy.
Ticks pose a danger to humans because they carry a very dangerous disease - encephalitis
It can be difficult to notice a tick on your body - they are small in size and inject an anesthetic substance during the bite. After a walk in the forest, you need to carefully examine yourself from head to toe for their presence.
Midges (blood-sucking midges)
Midges are found in Siberia, in the north and in central Russia. They cause serious damage to human health. Reach from 2 to 6 mm in size. They parasitize humans, leaving larvae in his body.
The insect does not have poisonous glands, but the substance injected into the bite site impairs blood clotting and causes allergic reactions. Redness, itching and pain appear at the site of the bite. Sometimes it provokes the development of an allergic reaction.
The bite site should be treated with a disinfectant solution. It is not recommended to comb it.
Midges bite painfully, causing an allergic reaction in people
Cockroach
Despite their disgusting appearance, cockroaches are not poisonous and their bites are harmless. But these insects are carriers of dangerous infections, and moreover, they themselves bring them into a person’s home.
To get rid of hordes of cockroaches in your apartment, you will have to work hard. While they are still living, there is a chance of contracting encephalitis, an intestinal virus from them, and picking up intestinal parasites (this is the most unpleasant consequence of contact with these creatures).
Cockroaches themselves are harmless, but they can carry intestinal viruses.
Red American Reaper Ant / Pogonomyrmex barbatus
The inhabitant of the forests of North America has one of the most powerful poisons among all insects on the planet. The sting force according to the Schmidt Sting Pain Index is 3 points.
Highly organized ants create colonies with up to 12 thousand families. They are omnivores. And in addition to plant food, they happily hunt other insects, amphibians and mammals. They hunt in large groups, jointly attacking the prey.
The bite is doubly painful because the harvester ant first bites with its powerful jaws and then inserts a sharp sting that is hidden in the abdomen.
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Popular folk remedies for domestic bloodsuckers
The following representatives of blood-sucking insects are found in residential buildings: bed bugs, lice and fleas. Note that it is quite difficult to get rid of these parasites.
Firstly, because they are most active at night and attack unnoticed, most often when a person is sleeping.
Secondly, because they are very small in size and have a protective coloring.
Thirdly, they are designed by nature itself in such a way that they cannot exist without a person or his warm-blooded pet (cat, dog, budgie, etc.) - the instinct of procreation pushes them towards a human home.
Fourthly, some of them can live in basements and attics, entering the apartment only to drink blood and then go home.
Hence the conclusion - it is extremely difficult to defeat bedbugs, fleas and lice. It’s simpler and more correct to prevent them from appearing in the apartment at all. How to do it?
From time immemorial, our ancestors used various herbs to repel insects. The smell of wild rosemary, wormwood, tansy, chamomile, and lavender is hated by parasites, so it was recommended to place flowers, leaves and branches of these plants under sheets and mattresses.
Home hygiene was maintained by adding natural or synthetic vinegar, salt, and herbal decoctions to the water for dusting.
They even practiced enchanting the home and other witchcraft rituals, for example, collecting harmful insects that had settled in the house and throwing them into the coffin of the deceased or onto an ice floe during freeze-up. It was believed that, following their brothers, the rest of the domestic blood-sucking insects would leave the home.
Paper wasps
The most numerous and extensive subfamily in the family of social wasps, including 25 genera and more than 800 species. Some are distinguished by primitive behavior, and some are highly organized.
Both of them sting painfully, and on the scale their bite is rated at 3.0 points. The sting is released, and a burning pain is felt followed by numbness at the site of the bite.
In primitive animals, a nest of 15–20 individuals is formed around one female. Sometimes nests contain up to 100 individuals. Such paper wasps are also found in Russia, but fortunately, they do not sting as often as their relatives on the North American continent.
#9. Midge and biting midges
Small, but extremely unpleasant and annoying insects. Very few people can withstand their invasion. And the whole problem is that they do not attack alone . As a rule, a whole swarm attacks at once . At the same time, aggressors do not hesitate to crawl into the ears, nose, mouth, under clothes, etc.
Midge
Both midges and midges are blood-sucking. Their bites, small, numerous and chaotic, cause unbearable itching and widespread irritation of the skin and mucous membranes . Midges live in abundance in damp, shady forests, especially along rivers. The largest number can be found in June-July. They attack during the day. Maximum activity is observed at moderate temperatures - about 20 degrees.
The midge bites themselves are initially insensitive , because... their saliva contains natural painkillers. However, after the attack, many small itchy red dots remain, causing concern . At the same time, when midges attack, tiny streaks of blood additionally remain on the skin, since when they bite, the insects inject anti-clotting compounds . They prevent blood from clotting, which leads to its protrusion on the surface of the victim’s body. In addition, midges can transmit pathogens of some dangerous diseases : anthrax, onchocerciasis, tularemia and others.
Mokrets
No less problems are caused by biting midges - two-winged insects of very small size (up to 1-2 mm). They are most active in the evening and in the morning, when the sun has not yet broken out. The saliva of biting midges contains toxins that cause dermatitis, swelling, burning and itching . They can transmit filaria parasites - worms that settle in the abdominal or chest cavities of the human or animal body. Japanese encephalitis , tularemia and other diseases also
It is very difficult to escape from these insects, because... they are small and ubiquitous. Therefore, when going out into nature, where biting midges and midges abound, you must take protective repellents with you . Smoke from fires also . In this case, you can add wormwood and other sharp-smelling herbs to the fire. Insects don't like them. In this case, special equipment with protective nets is required when visiting the forest.
Wasps of the genus Pepsis
Hunters of tarantulas, such wasps have settled throughout the planet, and grow up to 5.4 cm in length. The wasp received its species name due to the fact that it often hunts dangerous arachnids.
Those who have encountered bites say that it is a fierce, blinding pain, as if the body was electrocuted. Schmidt rated this pain at 4.0 points. They have a thick, sharp sting that leaves a mark on the body.
A fairly strong insect that can easily cope with large tarantulas and other spiders that are much larger in size.
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#7. Horseflies
Horseflies
Horseflies are similar in appearance to flies. They are called that NOT because their attack causes blindness. Rather, they themselves “go blind” while they feast on the body of the victim. At least while bloodsucking they are much easier to catch . It seems that the insects have forgotten and no longer see the danger in front of them. Although physically everything remains fine with their vision.
Horseflies feed on both blood and plant sap . Their mouthparts are capable of piercing both the integument of animals and the walls of herbaceous vegetation. There are especially many of them in the taiga. Most of them are confined to the banks of rivers . Horseflies most often attack in hot, windless weather . And the hotter the better. For them this is the greatest freedom. However, there are also species of horseflies that are active in cloudy times, when the sky is covered with a dense cover of clouds.
Horseflies drink blood both from blood vessels and by licking it from the surface of the skin . Their saliva has anticoagulant properties. Therefore, it can flow freely from the wound for some time without stopping. The insect bite itself is very sensitive due to the toxic substances contained in the saliva . The most dangerous infections that parasites can transmit are anthrax and tularemia .
Tropical Bullet Ant / Paraponera clavata
First on our list of powerfully stinging insects on most-beauty is a large ant that lives in the tropical forests of South America. In English they are called Bullet ant, and on the pain scale they have the highest level of painful sting of 4.0+.
In addition, they have poison. Adults grow up to 2.5 cm, with a sting length of 3.5 mm. A highly organized and aggressive insect. Everyone in the colony has their own role, and the ant strictly adheres to it all its life. They attack the victim in a group.
Some Indian tribes use them in an elaborate initiation rite where young men wear gloves filled with painfully stinging ants. Michael Smith's body map of pain.
PS
#6. Gadflies
Gadfly
Gadflies, unlike horse flies, do not feed . They have a reduced (i.e. underdeveloped) oral apparatus. Their parasitic significance lies elsewhere. They lay eggs on the skin of humans and animals. Subsequently, the hatching larvae burrow into the skin and develop there , feeding on the surrounding tissues. In one day, the parasite can make a passage 5 cm long in the skin. And in a month, one and a half to two months, one individual gnaws a “road” of about 2 meters . Here's a real horror movie in nature!
In this case, the wounds can become inflamed, fester, and bleed . Damage to the eyes by maggots is especially dangerous. This can lead to blindness. Parasites are removed through surgery . Let us say right away that the spectacle is not for the faint of heart.
Executioner wasp
This rare species of wasp, native to Central and South America, despite the fact that it is not included in the Schmidt scale, has perhaps the strongest bite among insects.
Popular nature blogger Coyote Peterson became famous for testing many insect bites on himself to determine which ones stung the most. So, on one of his expeditions, he experienced the terrifying sting of the executioner wasp.
If you want to take a look at this, watch this fascinating video:
For those who haven’t looked, let’s say that the sting of this wasp turned out to be the most painful. In addition, the severe pain after the bite lasted for several hours. The effect of the poison lasted about a week.
Bottom line
In addition to the insect sting pain scale that Schmidt compiled, another American, Michael Smith, identified the most painful points on the human body. Here, the honey bee was chosen as the experimental instrument.
The most painful thing a bee stings is a person's nostril. Smith estimated this indicator at 9.0 points. In second place is the upper lip. A bite to this area on the face is 8.7 points. The most painless areas of the bites were the human skull and the very tip of the middle toe. Only 2.3 points.
In conclusion, we note that the world and the scientific community did not appreciate the impulses of the American naturalist and brave entomologist. In 2015 he was awarded the Ig Nobel Prize. Michael Smith was also awarded the same award. Justin Schmidt was born in 1947 and now has more than a thousand bites from various types of insects, and in his scale he described the bites of 83 types of insects. But no matter what experiments scientists encourage themselves to undertake, be careful in urban areas and in nature.
Nest arrangement
If we talk about domestic bees, beekeepers build nests for them, in the form of hives. Wild ones build nests on their own; they can be located in tree hollows or rock crevices.
Wasps use wood as a building material to build nests; they chew it, which makes it possible to obtain pliable material for building a nest. It is round in shape and gray in color and resembles paper in appearance. More often they are found on tree branches, they can set it up under the ceiling of outbuildings, some species set it up in the ground.
Bumblebees can choose completely different places to build nests, most often the burrows of small animals and abandoned bird nests. Bumblebees begin building their house from wax, namely the first cells; for subsequent cells they use capsules that remain from hatched larvae.
