Knowledge of the stages of development of bee larvae from egg to full-fledged insect will help novice beekeepers to achieve excellent results in breeding bees - unsurpassed workers of fields and gardens.
Then the families will be strong and the honey yield will be large. Bee larvae are completely different from adult bees; they are helpless and cannot feed without outside help. They move only by crawling. They look like a fat, round worm, the body of which is divided into segments. The head is small, represented by jaws.
Bee larva in the photo:
The use of bee larvae for treatment
Bee larvae are not only adult bees that are capable of collecting nectar from plants. They are often used to treat or strengthen the immune system. Such individuals are completely free of toxic substances. They contain a high level of nutrients, which is equated to the concentration of royal jelly.
Bee larvae contain a sufficient amount of hormonal compounds and enzymes, therefore they are considered an effective treatment. With its help, it is easy to get rid of problems with the thyroid gland, restore the tone of the whole body, restore male potency and improve the woman’s reproductive system.
Contraindications and possible harm
There are practically no contraindications to consuming larvae in their pure form. They do not have any side effects and do not harm the human body. However, before starting use, you should check the tolerance of the product. To a greater extent this applies to:
- pregnant and lactating women;
- young children;
- persons suffering from diabetes;
- allergy sufferers.
If larvae are used in the form of a tincture or paste, you need to pay attention to additional ingredients: honey, alcohol, etc. Do not forget that honey is a strong allergen, and alcohol is contraindicated for children and some categories of adults.
Additional properties of larvae
All queen larvae feed only on natural products and sugar syrup. For this reason, their healing properties have a positive effect on human health. Bee larvae have medicinal properties such as:
- reducing the amount of cholesterol in the human body;
- normalization of blood pressure, helps to cope even with pressure at the stage of development of hypertension or hypotension;
- restoration of the circulatory system: is an effective means for proper blood flow to the heart and other vital organs;
- increase sexual desire: men get rid of impotence, and women quickly reach the peak of sexual pleasure.
The healing property of moth larvae is that they can save a person from prostatitis or adenoma, even despite the advanced stages of the disease.
The positive result of wax moth larvae is that they restore the body’s tone after long physical work and fill it with energy. An effective remedy in the treatment of oncology, even at the last stage of development.
Artificial hatching of queens: basics of the method
The ovaries are located between the intestines and the dorsal vessel. The larvae of worker and queen bees are similar in the number of egg tubes. During the prepupal and pupal stages, the larval organs and tissues disintegrate. The egg tubes also degenerate, of which about 5 remain in an adult.
In the queen larva, the formation of the ovaries continues into the pupal stage. The formation of numerous egg tubes in the larva is biologically important: in the event of the death of the queen larva, bees are able to produce a “fistulous” uterus in return. This natural phenomenon formed the basis for the artificial breeding of queens.
Cooking rules
A tincture of wax moth bee larvae is called hemogenate. To prepare such a solution, you need to remove all the young individuals from the honeycombs and pass them through a meat grinder or blender. A homogeneous consistency should form, similar in appearance to sour cream. Its color is soft yellow
The name “hemogenate” is translated as “protection of genetic material,” i.e., it is aimed at restoring vitality and strengthening the immune system.
Bee larva obtained from fertile queens is often used to prepare alcoholic tinctures. You will need individuals of the moth variety. To prepare a medicinal extract, you should mix 100 individuals of newborn brood and pour 200 ml of alcohol or vodka into them. Infuse the extract for 7 days. Remember to shake the jar daily so that all the beneficial substances from the brood are absorbed into the liquid. After a week, it is important to filter the liquid and put it in the refrigerator, where it can be stored for 12-15 months.
Preparation of tincture from bee larvae
Storage recommendations
The prepared product should be stored under certain conditions. Never store at room temperature. As a result of exposure of the substance to sunlight, all positive properties are completely lost.
It is better to store the product sealed. To do this, the resulting wax moth mixture is combined with honey. For 1 tbsp. l. bee brood accounts for 10 tbsp. l. honey The ingredients are thoroughly mixed and the jar is placed in a cool place. A refrigerator is ideal for these purposes.
It is possible to increase the shelf life of the product by adding lactose to the mixture. It is a substance obtained from fresh dairy products. For 1 tbsp. l. the mixture of larvae accounts for 5 tbsp. l. lactose. The ingredients are mixed until a homogeneous consistency is obtained and placed in the refrigerator again. Under such storage conditions, the mixture will not lose its medicinal properties for 5 years. After the expiration date, the product is thrown away.
Read also: Queen bee: stages of development, how it appears, description
Application
The use of such extracts must be carried out in a certain dosage so as not to cause harm to the body. The alcohol extract should be consumed 3 times a day, 40 minutes before meals. You need to mix 1 tbsp. l. tinctures with 50 ml of clean warm water. Dosage: take 1 tbsp every day. l. product 3 times a day, 1-2 hours before meals. The dosage for children should be 2 times less than for an adult.
How do bees develop in a hollow?
The process of brood development in wild and domestic bees is not much different. Insects go through similar stages of development. The only exception is that beekeepers can provide their bee colonies with the necessary microclimate for the development of larvae, while wild bees do everything on their own.
In addition, it is important to take into account the fact that domestic bees use the same cells to raise offspring a large number of times. Until they are replaced by a beekeeper. Since during the life of the larvae, the cells become smaller and weak individuals are born. Wild bees fill brood cells with honey, as such combs become much stronger over time, as a result of which they do not collapse.
Stages of larval development
The brood goes through several stages in its development.
In the embryonic period, it is an egg with a dense white shell. Inside it there is a white and a yolk, and its total size does not exceed 2 mm. The next (postembryonic) period begins three days later.
In the postembryonic period, a worm hatches from the egg, which feeds greedily and, accordingly, grows very quickly. Soon it already takes up more than half the space of the cell. Drones are the slowest to develop; their larvae develop throughout the week. The development of a queen bee larva takes 5 days, and a normal worker bee takes 6 days.
The main food for young larvae is milk. It is produced in special glands located on the head of nurse bees. The queen larvae feed only on this milk throughout the day. Worms of drones and bees are fed milk only for the first 2 days. The next day, they are gradually transferred to another food - a mushy mixture of honey and bee bread.
Once the larval stage is completed, the worm enters the next stage and becomes a pupa. She hides in a cocoon, and her cell is securely sealed by bees. After the pupa completes its development into a full-fledged individual, it crawls out of the cocoon and independently gnaws a hole for itself in the wax-beebread lid of the cell.
The timing of the transformation of a worm into a pupa depends on the temperature, the amount of food and its quality characteristics. On average, the pupal stage for drones takes two weeks, for future worker bees and queen bees - 12 and 8 days, respectively.
The optimal temperature for bee larvae is 32-35 °C. With a slight decrease in temperature, just 1 degree, the bee larva may turn out to be underdeveloped, with deformed wings and general weakness. If the temperature is exceeded, all pupae die.
Formation of an adult insect
The changes that began in the pre-pupal stage gradually transform the shapeless insect into an adult: the abdomen, chest and head are formed, on which antennas, mouthparts, as well as simple and compound eyes are already drawn. In the thoracic part, the formation of rudiments of legs and two pairs of wings occurs. The dorsal rings, tergites, enlarge on the abdomen. The abdominal semirings are sternites, covering the lower part of the abdomen and connected to each other and to the tergites by a thin film. The fat body decreases sharply, because with the end of nutrition it is only a source of energy for the transformation of larval organs.
The nutritional reserves accumulated in the body during the intensive period of feeding are gradually formed into future organs. Along the way, a change in body color occurs: from light yellow through purple to black or brown. The coloring process begins with the eyes and proceeds to the head, chest and abdomen.
Medicinal properties of bee larvae
Since the pupa is very gluttonous, useful substances quickly accumulate in its body. Even drone larvae can cure many diseases.
The composition of the larva has not yet been fully studied, but it is already known that it contains a lot of vitamin D and protein, natural hormones, fatty acids
Beneficial properties of bee larvae:
- strengthen the body's immunity;
- restore strength;
- used in the treatment of rickets, dystrophy;
- help equalize pressure;
- help in the treatment of the heart and vascular system;
- act as a preventative against cancer.
Read also: Apimax - for bees: instructions for use
Due to its antioxidant properties, bee jelly is a rejuvenating agent.
To preserve all the beneficial properties of the brood for a long time, you can freeze it or preserve it with honey or glucose.
Final molt
The fairly rapid development cycle of a bee from larvae does not affect the size of the bee's coat, that is, the shell, which stretches as the individual grows. At the moment when the robe becomes too small for the bee, the larva, which many beekeepers call detva, changes it in accordance with its dimensions.
It is important to take into account the fact that during the process of growth and development, the bee larva molts 4 times, the duration is about 30 minutes:
- 12-18 hours after the larva is born.
- The next molt occurs 36 hours after the first.
- For the third change of clothes, 60 hours must pass from hatching.
- The final molt occurs after 90 hours.
When the larva reaches day 6, it occupies the entire cell. At the same time, no changes are observed with molting and the body of the future bee.
Important! After the larva molts, the shed clothes remain in the cell.
Recipes from larvae
Drone or bee jelly is produced from young brood; it is also called homogenate.
Drone and bee brood are equally useful, and taking into account the fact that bee offspring are very important for an apiary, but you don’t need a lot of drones, it is recommended to use drone worms for preparing medicinal recipes.
The larvae can be eaten raw, they are very tasty. For gourmets, you can offer to fry the larvae, you will get a delicious delicacy. For longer-term use, it is recommended to produce tinctures and pastes.
To prepare a homogenate, you need to take the larvae and grind them to a pulp. In this form, the product can not be stored for long, only an hour, as it quickly deteriorates from sunlight. To extend its shelf life by six months, the homogenate can be diluted with honey in a ratio of 1 to 100 and hidden in the refrigerator. Take 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day.
If you do not have the opportunity to often get fresh bee or drone brood, then you can immediately prepare a homogenate for future use for several years. To do this, you need to prepare a gruel from the larvae and mix it with a mixture of lactose and glucose, the amount of which is 12 times greater, the last two components are taken in equal parts. The mixture can be kept in the refrigerator for up to 3 years.
Children weakened after illness can be given milk mixed with honey in a ratio of 2 to 1, a teaspoon twice a day.
It is important to remember that children are very often allergic to honey! You should not immediately give them medicine; first you need to make sure that there is no allergy by giving the child a small amount of honey and observing the reaction. Over time, you will be able to give the medicine safely. Most often, allergies appear to fresh, recently collected honey.
What is a homogenate?
Homogenate is the contents of the cell, including the larva itself and bee products. There are types of homogenate:
- Drone jelly is the milk of squeezed drone larvae.
- Royal is the most valuable product. It has a high content of royal jelly.
- Worker bees - there are actually only larvae in it. This product is in little demand.
Drone homogenate is obtained from cells with 6-7 day old larvae. They are taken out of the honeycomb and then ground into a homogeneous mass. The product rapidly loses its properties when exposed to sunlight. It is stored at a temperature of -5°C to -8°C. Shelf life – 1 month. It has a wide range of effects - from increasing immunity to increasing libido.
Royal homogenate is obtained from three-day-old queen bee larvae. The unique product actually consists of stem cells. It is an accumulator of bioactive substances and helps the regeneration of the aging body.
Drone and uterine homogenate contain the same vitamins. The first contains more decenoic acids, the second - proteins. They contain natural hormones - testosterone, estradiol, progesterone. There are no hormones in bee homogenate, but it does contain decenoic acids.
Bee larvae
The backbone of any bee swarm is worker bees. They are the ones who are responsible for the livelihood of the family. They are the builders and guardians of the hive, collect and prepare food, and clean the honeycombs. Responsibility for the reproduction process lies with the drones and the queen. Drones are born in the spring and work for the benefit of the swarm until the fall, that is, until the moment of communication with the queen. Only those who have not found a female survive the winter. The number of drones in one bee litter sometimes reaches several thousand.
Every bee was once hatched from an egg laid by a queen. They are fixed by it at the bottom of the depression in the honeycomb, and literally on the third day the egg turns into a small white larva, which will be fed only with milk for the next three days. Later, the larvae will feed on honey and beebread.
Larval stage
In the first six days, the development of the larva proceeds quite quickly. At first she feeds exclusively on milk, then switches to a mixture of honey and bee bread. At this stage, she experiences a period of uncontrolled appetite, when the number of feedings per day reaches 1600 times.
Read also: Lozeval for bees - instructions for use, how to treat
As soon as the shell becomes tight, the insect begins to move towards the exit, stretching along. At this stage, feeding ends. After 6 days, the queens seal the recesses in which the brood of worker bees is located. Sections with queen larvae - after five days, with drone larvae - after seven. Thus, the transition to the next stage is carried out.
The temperature in the hive must be kept at 32-35 °C, otherwise the larvae may be born with various types of deformations or die.
Prepupa stage
In this phase, the honey worm and the queen remain for two days, and the drone for four days. This stage ends by dropping the old shell to the beginning of the cell, where it is mixed with the liquid that remains from the cocoon yarn.
Pupa stage
The pupa is the final stage that the larvae go through. The period of development of the fruit to a mature insect takes twenty-one days. All this time the insect remains motionless. The pupa is reborn into a bee only after the final shedding of its outer cover. At this stage, the bee skeleton is formed, and the insect also acquires the color that we all know. Preparation for birth ends with another molt and gnawing on the lid of its “house”. Her cocoon remains empty until the next brood appears.
Adult insect
Newly born bees have a large number of hairs throughout their body. The number of hairs is so large that it covers the head and paws. The young animals devote the first 3 days of their life to exploring the new world, feeding from adult companions and contacting the queen, trying to retain her smell in memory. The fourth day is the day of the beginning of independent food acquisition. Feeding features - the new generation feeds on honey, pollen, and even manages to feed the larvae.
The use of bee brood is common in many countries. It is used as a medicine, and is also used to prevent certain diseases. In the CIS countries, larvae as a medicine have attracted attention relatively recently.
How many days does a bee hatch?
Honeybees live in nature in colonies that number tens of thousands of workers and just one queen of the hive. As a rule, drones are needed only in the summer and their number is much smaller - 100-200 pieces.
The queen is responsible for laying eggs, and the number of new individuals depends on its quality. Most of the female worker bees are born. After 21 days, the bees hatch and become workers. The period of development of the uterus is much shorter and takes only 16 days.
After the workers are born, they first perform work in the hive; upon reaching adulthood, they can leave the hive:
- 1-3 days – cleaners (gnaw out pupae from cells, clean the hive);
- 3-13 days – nurses (process honey with beebread, feed the queen, drones, baby bees);
- 13-23 days – receptionists (take pollen, nectar, enrich with enzymes);
- 23-30 days – guard (guard the hive).
Males, that is, drones, develop within 24 days after the queen lays eggs. The life cycle of a drone bee is no more than 3 months.
Attention! In addition to the fact that the species differ in the time of development, during the growth process they consume different foods.
This is interesting
- During her life, the queen is capable of laying 2 million eggs.
- Empty honeycombs without honey and brood are called dry combs.
- In a bee colony, all important responsibilities are equally distributed.
- The bee weighs 0.1 grams. Its carrying capacity is: with nectar 0.035 g, with honey 0.06 g.
- The queen bee does not sting a person even in an irritated state.
- During the flight, bees lift loads, large masses of their own body.
- Bees communicate with each other using body movements and pheromones.
- In the vicinity of the Polish city of Poznan there is a beekeeping museum, which includes more than a hundred ancient beehives.
- It should also be noted that during a long flight a bee can eat half of the collected nectar
- To find nectar, bees are guided by the special color of flowers.
Required temperature
Development cycle and their duration:
In order for the apiary to generate income, every little detail must be taken into account, and the correct growth and replenishment of the family is important. Therefore, it is necessary to create optimal conditions so that the development of insects and larvae proceeds correctly.
As a rule, the first sowing of brood is carried out at the beginning of the year, in February. The bees in the nest independently maintain the temperature, as well as the level of humidity in the environment where the worker bee develops. In order for the process to proceed correctly, the temperature must be within 32-35 degrees. If the indicator drops by even a degree, the brood will weaken, which often leads to developmental disorders. Various deformities may appear in the body or wings.
Exceeding the permissible temperature range leads to negative consequences, including the death of the larvae. When it gets especially cold outside, inside the hive, to protect the brood, insects create a wall on the cells that protects the future generation from changes in heat and cold. The bees press tightly together, resulting in their own microclimate to preserve each egg and larva.
A small gap present in the tap hole is used as ventilation. When the temperature begins to rise dangerously, the developing larvae are cooled by the wings of the adults. They swing frequently and quickly, creating wind that reduces heat.
