For other uses, see skinning (disambiguation).
"Skinned" redirects here. For the novel, see Skinned (novel).
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Kalanga man skinning a goat at the annual Domboshaba cultural festival 2022 in Botswana.
Skinning
is the process of removing skin.
This process is performed on animals primarily as a means of preparing the underlying muscles for consumption, fur use, or leather tanning. The pelt may also be used as a trophy, sold at a fur market, or, in the case of a claimed pest, used as evidence of a kill to obtain a bounty from a government health, agriculture, or hunting agency. [ citation needed
]
Two common skinning methods are skinning
and
skinning
. Generally, large animals are skinned and small animals are skinned. [1]
Skinning, when carried out on living people as a form of capital punishment or murder, is called skinning
.
Skinning methods[edit]
Skinning
is a method in which the skin is removed from an animal like a sock. This method is usually used if the animal is going to be pulled or placed in dry storage. [2] Many small animals are skinned, leaving the skin largely intact and tube-shaped. [3]
Although the methods for skinning individual animals vary slightly, the general steps remain the same.
To skin an animal, it is hung upside down by its paws. An incision is made on one foot and continues up the leg, around the anus and down the other leg. From there, the skin is pulled off the animal, as if removing a sweater. [4] Homo Victor
depicting a skinning in Kenya in 1910, by Akseli Gallen-Kallela
Open skinning
is a method in which the skin of an animal is removed, like a jacket. This method is usually used if the skin is going to be tanned immediately or frozen for storage. The skin removed by the open method can be used for wall hangings or rugs. [5] Large animals are often skinned using the open method. [6]
To open the animal's skin, the body is placed on a flat surface. An incision is made from the anus to the lower lip and up the animal's legs. The skin is then opened and removed from the animal. [7]
The last step is to scrape away excess fat and flesh from the inside of the skin with a blunt stone or bone tool. [8]
Skinning the back
very similar to back skinning, however instead of cutting through the animal's belly, the cut is made along the spine. This method of skinning is very popular among taxidermists, as the spine is easier to access and cleaner than the belly and between the legs. [9] The dorsal incision is made by placing the animal on its stomach and making one incision from the base of the tail to the shoulder area. It is easier to remove the animal's skin if the animal was recently killed. [10]
Skinning the cape
is the process of removing skin from the shoulders, neck and head for the purpose of displaying the animal as a trophy. [eleven]
Sneak attacks, critical hits and luring enemies
Go to Settings -> Controls and make sure Toggle Crouch is enabled. If you press a bound key, you can stay crouched indefinitely without holding the button. This is very useful if you are trying to sneak up to get a clear headshot (which deals critical damage).
However, before checking a dead animal, you can simply leave the carcass. After some time, other predators, such as wolves, will appear. You can keep shooting at these new victims to earn more XP.
Animal skins and Native Americans[edit]
Native Americans used the hides for many purposes besides decoration, clothing, and blankets. Animal leather was a staple of Native American daily life. It was used to make tents, boats, bags, musical instruments such as drums, and quivers. [12]
Because Native Americans practiced obtaining and manipulating animal pelts, the fur trade arose from contact between them and Europeans in the 16th century. Animal skin was a valuable currency that Native Americans had in abundance, and they traded for things like iron-based tools and tobacco, which were common in more developed European regions. [13] Beaver hats became very popular towards the end of the 16th century, and skinning beavers was necessary to obtain their fur. During this time, the demand and cost of beaver pelts increased dramatically. However, the large number of beavers harvested for their pelts depleted the beaver supply and the industry was forced to slow down. [14]
A cut in the middle of the paw when skinning a carpet.
If you intend to make a stuffed animal, then make the cut from the knee area not to the heel, but to a point located between the heel and ankle. On the inside of the paw, but not along the cavity, but closer to the heel. Do not cut the pillow on the groan, but go around it along the inside of the paw. Leaving a fur edging about 1 cm wide on the pillow. And then between the pad of the foot and the pads of the toes along the hairline of the skin to the outside of the paw.
Notes[edit]
- Churchill 1983, p.2.
- Burch 2002, p.63
- ↑
Burch 2002, p.66. - ↑
Churchill, 1983, p.44. - Burch 2002, p.63
- ↑
Churchill, 1983, p.44. - ↑
Churchill, 1983, p.44. - Vince, Ray. "Tips and Tricks for Taxidermy and Field Care". Hunting Tips and Tricks
. Retrieved March 17, 2013. - Triplett 2006, p.52
- Triplett 2006, p.53
- Vince, Ray. "Tips and Tricks for Taxidermy and Field Care". Hunting Tips and Tricks
. Retrieved March 17, 2013. - Pritzer, Barry. Encyclopedia of Native Americans: History, Culture and Peoples. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print.
- ↑
Carlos, Anne M., Frank D. Lewis (February 1, 2011).
"Economic history of the fur trade: 1670–1870". EH.net Encyclopedia
. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2013.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑
Carlos, Anne M., Frank D. Lewis (February 1, 2011).
"Economic history of the fur trade: 1670–1870". EH.net Encyclopedia
. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2013.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Soaking
The next stage of dressing the skin is to soak it. For 1 kg of trophy it is worth preparing about 8 liters of solution. Furacilin and salt will prevent the growth of bacteria in the solution. The detergent removes dirt and softens. Before laying the skins, the solution must be moved very well.
For skins with short fur, you can use a little less solution, but for long pile, on the contrary, you need more liquid so that the fur does not get tangled. Do not try to straighten dry skins before soaking, otherwise they may break. The soaking process takes quite a long time. Periodically, the skins need to be stirred a little. If they are very dry, then they need to be taken out and straightened. Depending on the initial condition of the skins, the solution should be changed several times to a new one. Steamed skins (only removed) and soaked in salt should be soaked for about 2 days; well-dried skins should be soaked for at least three days. As soon as, with little effort, the hairs pop out of the skin along with the bulbs, the process can be considered complete. The skin needs to be squeezed out well.
Links[edit]
- Birch, Monte. The Complete Guide to Skinning and Tanning: A Complete Guide to Working with Hides, Fur, and Leather
. Guildford: Lyons Press, 2002. Print. - James E. Churchill. The Complete Book on Tanning Hides and Furs
. Mecanicsburg: Stackpole Books, 1983. Print. - Pritzer, Barry. Encyclopedia of Native Americans: History, Culture and Peoples. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print.
- Triplett, Todd. Big Game Taxidermy: A Complete Guide to Deer, Antelope, and Elk. United States of America: Lyons Press, 2006. Print.
Pickling
Pickling is an important step in home tanning. During this operation, the leather material becomes elastic and soft. It is necessary to make the following solution: for 1 liter of water 40-50 g of salt, 8-10 g of acetic acid (70%). Acetic acid is the easiest to obtain and is considered the safest. They also use sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, which are dangerous to humans and can also damage the skin if handled incorrectly. When working with them, you need to wear rubber gloves and tightly closed clothing. Acid must be poured into the container carefully to avoid splashing.
Pour water into an enamel or plastic container and dissolve the required amount of salt in it. Then half the required volume of acid is added to the container. The skins are placed in the solution and everything is mixed well. The second part of the acid should be poured in after 10-12 hours. The temperature of the solution should be about 30-35 degrees. The skins need to be stirred periodically.
Layover
Pikel penetrates the skin almost immediately after getting wet. The rest of the time, the product is evenly distributed over the skin. Curing is the period that the skin will spend in the solution. It must be at least 24 hours. To speed up pickling, you can increase the amount of acid to 20 g per liter of water. But at the same time there is a chance to worsen the quality of the final result.
The process is considered complete when, when squeezed with fingers, a white stripe forms at the fold of the flesh. At the same time, it should not go away for quite a long time.
Criterias of choice
Skinning knives must meet the following requirements:
- Ease of cutting the skin.
- Sufficient blade hardness. The optimal metal hardness is 55 HRC or more.
- Blade wear resistance.
- Ability to resist corrosion. The process of skinning prey involves a moist, viscous environment.
- No need for frequent sharpening.
- Ergonomic handle. The ideal skinner handle should be straight and have no bends or grooves. The best material for the handle is wood. The types of wood used are Karelian birch, walnut, wenge and some others. When making handles for good knives, plexiglass is not used, since it is a slippery and uncomfortable material.
- There should be no engravings or patterns on the handle or blade. Decorations are suitable for collectible knives, but they only get in the way when doing work.
GOST requirements allow the use of the following metals for the production of skinning blades:
- steel and its alloys (low-carbon, alloy or Damascus steel, damask steel);
- composite compositions (for example, steel with the addition of titanium nitride);
- other materials (including zirconium).
Some types of steel undergo additional processing, including grinding, heat treatment or burnishing. This gives the material additional performance characteristics.
From the point of view of working features, Damascus steel is best suited for making a skinner. However, this metal is not resistant to moisture and must be thoroughly wiped dry after use.
Household knives and saws for cutting carcasses
Household knives or saws are used for butchering pig carcasses and raising livestock. Unlike a miniature knife, they have much larger dimensions: a thick butt and a reliable, durable handle with a recess that prevents fingers from slipping.
Most often, the handles of household cutting knives are made of durable plastic that can withstand repeated treatment with boiling water and significant physical stress.
There are also special requirements for the quality of steel for such products, since a carcass knife must be both flexible and durable, preventing chipping.
Saws for cutting carcasses can be either manual (for example, a hacksaw) or electric (disc or band). Their purpose is to saw through bones, including the spine.
Slaughter
Before slaughter, cattle are kept in condition: feed is stopped one day before slaughter, and water is stopped 2-3 hours before slaughter.
These measures are necessary to reduce the volume of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract, which reduces the risk of rupture when removing the entrails (guts) and contamination of the meat. In addition, before slaughter, it is necessary to clean the skin of cattle as completely as possible. To do this, first mechanically clean the skin, then wash it and the limbs. A veterinarian must measure the temperature and examine the animal. Slaughter of livestock is not permitted without the permission of a veterinarian.
For some particularly dangerous infectious diseases (anthrax, emphysematous carbuncle, etc.), slaughter of livestock is prohibited .
Finishing
This is the final stage of skin dressing, at which it acquires a marketable appearance. The fur should become crumbly and shiny, and the flesh should be soft and pleasant to the touch. The leather is sanded using sandpaper or a special abrasive stone. With the help of sawdust from fruit trees, fur and flesh are degreased. The fur is carefully combed.
To obtain leather, after cleaning and salting the skin, the wool is removed using a solution of quicklime and sodium sulphide. After treatment, the hairs dissolve. They are scraped off the skin with a knife. the material is treated with ammonium sulfate, which neutralizes the previous solution. The skin should be rinsed well with water. Next comes the tanning process.
Thus, tanning hides at home is a long and labor-intensive process. The durability of the skin of a killed animal depends on how accurately all the rules are followed. You should start practicing not on very valuable types of fur. When you achieve a satisfactory result, you should switch to more expensive skins.
