Spiders of Crimea - photos, rating of the most dangerous and original specimens

The unique climate and landscape of the Crimean peninsula has always attracted tourists. Some people prefer to relax in comfortable rooms and only occasionally go on walks to explore the surrounding area. Others, like the heroes of the film “Three Plus Two,” blithely climb away from civilization and enjoy sandy beaches, mountain landscapes or steppe expanses around the clock. However, not everyone knows that the spiders of Crimea can pose a serious threat to humans and getting to know them can end very badly, even leading to death.

On a note! The subtropical Crimean climate is a favorable environment for the development of poisonous arthropods. With the onset of abnormal heat, they become more active. Every year, dozens of people are admitted to Crimean hospitals after being bitten by spiders.

Tarantula in Crimea: a serious matter

The South Russian tarantula (Licosa singoriensis) was recorded in Crimea only in recent years, but during this time it managed to become trivial on the peninsula and cause a lot of trouble.
He is a burrowing, steppe animal, lives in dry areas (in the region of Kerch, Evpatoria), where there is vegetation, and digs holes in the ground (or engages in raider seizures of mice, and kills the owners). The spider does not weave webs - it waits in the hole for the prey to approach, and then with a sharp throw it pounces on it and paralyzes it with its bite. Spiderlings that hunt in this way are called “wolves.” They are gray in color, shaggy - this can be seen if you look closely, with powerful legs. Yes, these are the largest spiders in Crimea. Their body length sometimes reaches up to 3 cm, with outstretched legs twice as long, but they rarely take this position. The females guarding the cocoons are especially dangerous (they look exactly like cocoons, only with a rather non-standard weave). They often climb into the tents of inattentive tourists.

Tarantulas are dangerous animals. In Italy and Spain in the Middle Ages, it was believed that the only way to survive after their bite was to dance a grueling dance for a long time (yes, this is how the famous tarantella appeared). In fact, it is quite difficult to die (although it is possible with an enhanced reaction). But significant pain, swollen lymph nodes, nausea, rapid heartbeat, fever and difficulty breathing are traditional.

The victim is advised to drink plenty of fluids and take an antihistamine (the sooner the better). Immediately after contact, the wound can be cauterized (with gray from a match head). A spider is not a snake; it pierces the human body only a couple of millimeters, so the procedure will be both effective and not too painful. But tourniquets cannot be applied. If the reaction turns out to be pronounced, you need to fly to the doctor at full speed. Patients with allergies to a tarantula bite can die from cardiac arrest or suffocation.

Harmless

The following families are very common in Belarus: funnelbirds, hunters, sidewalkers and horses. Besides them, you can find 4 species of wolf spiders there. Apart from family and protective coloration, these night hunters have nothing in common with the South Russian tarantula, which is also a wolf spider.

Funnel

Funnelfish live in moist, shaded places, on the forest floor, under snags and at the foot of bushes. They often settle in village houses. People gravitate toward human habitation:

funeral;
brownies;
attics.

Hunters

They live on the banks of reservoirs, of which there are plenty in Belarus. There are only 3 pisaurid spiders found in the country. Spiders hunt with their hind legs on coastal vegetation and their front legs on the water surface. These hunting spiders can glide across the surface of a body of water like water striders.

Horses and sidewalkers

Jumping and side-walking spiders are inhabitants of meadows, forest clearings and agricultural fields. Most often, these arthropods sit in ambush on grass or leaves of bushes. They catch small insects that fall within their reach. These small animals pose no danger to humans.

Karakurt - a poisonous inhabitant of Crimea

The karakurt is recognized as the most dangerous representative of spiders. It feeds on insects. Favorite habitats are rodent burrows, from which the spider easily expels the inhabitants. Even if the mouse decides to resist the karakurt, it instantly dies from its bite. Also settles between stones, in rock cracks. It places its trapping nets in the grass, in the steppes and even in summer cottages. From Turkic the name “karakurt” is literally translated as “black worm”; a photo of the dangerous spider of Crimea is presented above.

What does the most dangerous spider in Crimea look like:

Sexually mature females are rich black in color with a glossy sheen, up to 2 cm long.
The length of males does not exceed 7-8 mm.
Juveniles and males have 13 red spots on the abdomen. Sometimes they are framed with a white border.
Two pairs of eyes help to navigate well during the day and at night.
Random networks are located mainly near the ground.

Karakurts are very prolific. Periodically, at intervals of 10-12 or 25 years, there is a massive outbreak of population growth. They spend winter time in cocoons, several of which are suspended in nests. In mid-spring, the young generation appears and is carried away on the web by the wind. At the end of June, having become sexually mature, females and males look for shaded places and weave nets for mating.

Interesting! Due to the bloodthirstiness of the female during mating, the karakurt is also called a black widow. The mating games of the female are very peculiar - at the end of the process, she eats the male. The female has an excellent appetite: her network for mating can simultaneously contain up to 5 candidates.

The males' life cycle ends in mid-July. After mating, females look for new places, weave a network and lay offspring. After the last laying of eggs they die.

How karakurts bite

Representatives of the black widow genus are not characterized by aggressiveness towards humans. Only if they sense danger do they defend their lair - only in emergency cases are they able to attack people. Most often, this type of spider in Crimea bites accidentally. This is due to the peculiarity of their reflexes. When pressed on the abdomen, they release poison; for this reason, a spider crawling on the body should not be slammed, but carefully thrown off.

The greatest threat to humans is the female karakurt, while males, due to their small size, are not able to bite through human skin

On a note! After picnics or trips to nature, it is recommended to inspect things, as spiders can easily get into them. It is best to walk through thickets of grass in closed high shoes, and to work in summer cottages and fields with gloves.

The concentration of poisonous components in karakurts is 15 times higher than in a rattlesnake. This feature is due to the fact that spiders wage a constant fight against rodents and other small mammals, and to neutralize them a strong poison is needed. In humans, the probability of death after a bite is 2-4%. The poison has a neuroparalytic effect.

Symptoms of a karakurt bite:

the appearance of severe burning pain, which intensifies and spreads throughout the body within 15 minutes;
difficulty breathing;
dizziness, possible bluish discoloration of the skin on the face;
disturbances of heart rhythm and kidney function;
cramps, muscle spasms in the abdominal area;
depressive state, the appearance of a feeling of irresistible melancholy and fear of death.

On a note! The sensations of the bite field depend on the person’s pain threshold. There are cases when people in a dream did not notice at all that they had been bitten by a spider.

What to do if you are bitten by a karakurt:

The most effective way to eliminate the consequences of a bite from the most dangerous spider in Crimea is to administer a serum. However, it is not always available at medical centers. In its absence, an intravenous injection of potassium manganese or calcium gluconate is administered. The need for a second injection is determined by the condition of the victim.
In the field, the cauterization method, which was developed by Marikovsky, is used. Immediately after the bite, in order to neutralize the effect of the poison, 3 matches are applied to the wound (heads to the wound), and the fourth is set on fire. High temperature destroys the protein structure of the poison and thereby avoids poisoning the body.

Precautionary measures

When in nature, you should follow rules that will help you avoid meeting a poisonous spider or minimize the consequences of such an encounter.
The female karakurt is large enough that you can notice her before she attacks.
It is better to travel along the steppe part of the peninsula in closed shoes.
It is worth looking carefully at the ground. It is better to avoid holes that are tightly covered with cobwebs and do not put tents near them, do not leave open backpacks, etc.
After camping, it is extremely important to carefully inspect backpacks, clothing, equipment, shoes, tents and other places that the spider may find suitable for shelter.
Children and allergy sufferers need to be especially careful.

Until now, in Crimea, deaths after karakurt bites have not been recorded by scientists and doctors. But is it worth exposing yourself to the risk of starting these grim statistics with your own case? It is much better to follow the advice of experienced travelers, doctors, entomologists and try not to be exposed to the dangerous poison of the black widow.

Signs and superstitions

Hermit spiders, like the rest of their relatives, are associated with many signs and superstitions.

It is believed that the spider that lives in the house completely absorbs the negative energy accumulated in the corners. People have long believed that trouble and misfortune await a family that kills a spider.

The house in which the spiders settled was considered rich and happy. The belief is based on a reasonable explanation: arthropods prefer to live in dry and warm rooms. A wealthy farmstead is characterized by the creation of suitable conditions for spiders to live.

They also try to link the behavior of arthropods to signs:

if you are hiding, expect rain;
In warm, dry weather, spiders actively build webs, catching your eye more often.

If an arthropod is found in an uncharacteristic habitat - the bathroom - this is associated with expected problems in your personal life or financial losses.

Many people attach importance to the direction of movement of the animal in relation to the person. If the arthropod moves towards you, good news is expected, otherwise bad news.

Spiders in dreams

In dream books, the spider acts as a key figure determining the destiny:

Gypsies believed that dreaming about a spider meant great luck;
Miller's dream book - to career growth, a large cash bonus, positive assessment from management;
according to Vanga - to scandals, serious disagreements;
the Spaniards believe that arthropods dream of a loss of reputation associated with a scandalous story, a meeting with an ill-wisher;
French belief - to treason.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=wjEnV1UeGD8

Despite the various interpretations of beliefs and superstitions, the hermit spider is a dangerous animal for humans in direct contact. Therefore, reasonable preventive measures and knowledge of the animal’s behavioral characteristics will not hurt in order to protect yourself from undesirable consequences.

What to do if you are bitten

If you decide to take a walk around the outskirts of your city or go on a picnic, it is recommended to take matches with you. If a spider has bitten you, you need to quickly cauterize the affected area with a match, this will destroy the poison formulas. If a spider has marked you, you need to go to the nearest specialized medical facility and administer an antidote. Serum is quite expensive, so products to replace it are often used.

Injection into the subcutaneous area of 0.1% potassium permanganate, 5 ml;
performing homemade lotions.

It is worth remembering that after the first procedures, the poison (no matter who bit - Crimean or Caucasian karakurt) will not be completely neutralized, relief will come only after a few weeks. Everything will depend on the season and age of the individual, as well as on the amount of poison injected under the skin.

Thus, a biting spider poses a danger to humans. We looked at what the karakurt spider looks like from its photo, and you can also get acquainted with the features of the life activity that the karakurt spider leads in the video.

TOP 10 most poisonous

The main concentration of poisonous arachnids of wild fauna is observed in tropical regions or deserts. The reason for such localization of these creatures has not yet been established. The above TOP includes creatures that are dangerous to humans.

Brazilian soldier spider (Phoneutria)

Phoneutria is characterized by increased aggressiveness, but at the same time it is able to live exclusively in areas where the ambient temperature does not fall below zero. The Brazilian soldier spider constantly moves in search of prey, climbing into houses and apartments. A characteristic feature of the creature is the presence of black and white stripes on its front legs.

The toxin produced by this arthropod poses a serious threat to humans. The poison causes death in immunocompromised individuals within 10 minutes and in adults within half an hour.

funnel web spider

Researchers have identified more than 500 species of funnel-web spiders. These creatures are able to exist in various conditions. But only some species are considered dangerous to humans.

Australian arachnids belonging to this family can kill a child immediately, and an adult within 15 minutes. The reason is that during a bite, a toxin enters the body, causing irreversible damage to the nervous system. It is noteworthy that most mammals tolerate this poison well.

Six-eyed sand spider

While walking through the forest, a person may encounter such an unpleasant creature as a six-eyed sand spider. The latter hides in ambush near the roots of trees and stones and, when the victim appears, jumps out, injecting poison. The toxin that this creature secretes causes the rupture of blood vessels. And the victim dies due to internal bleeding. No antidote has been found for this toxin.

Black Widow

The black widow (Latrodectus mactans) has a dark body. This representative of wild fauna often climbs into houses in search of a secluded corner for breeding. Researchers identify 31 species of arachnids belonging to this family. Females are considered the most dangerous (especially in the period after laying eggs). The black widow guards its territory and is capable of attacking humans. After a bite, the toxin produced by the arachnid causes convulsive muscle contractions. Without an antidote, up to 5% of people die from the poison.

Karakurt

This small spider with a spotted belly resembles a black widow in appearance. But, unlike the latter, karakurts settle in the wild, far from humans. Attacks the creature if it senses danger. The toxin that enters the body after a bite causes:

intense burning pain that spreads throughout the body;
nausea;
vomit;
dyspnea.

If an antidote is not administered, a person dies from a karakurt bite.

Brown recluse spider

The brown recluse spider lives in the eastern part of the North American continent. The poison produced by this creature provokes the death (necrosis) of the subcutaneous tissue. However, the likelihood of death is extremely low. Brown recluse spiders live both in the wild and in human homes, hiding behind baseboards, in shoe boxes and other secluded places.

Tarantula

The tarantula, a member of the wolf spider family, lives in areas where the temperature and humidity levels are constantly high. These arthropods feed mainly on insects or frogs. A tarantula bite causes intense pain but does not lead to death.

Yellow sac spider

Cheiracanthium punctorium is distinguished by its green legs and abdomen, against which a yellowish head stands out. This creature lives in Europe, and is rarely seen by humans due to its timid disposition. The venom of the yellow-sac spider slowly affects the body. Immediately after the bite, the victim feels severe pain. Then the person's condition worsens. The initial symptoms are accompanied by headaches and nausea. Non-healing ulcers remain on the body after a bite for a long time.

White tail spider

This creature looks like an ordinary spider with dark legs and a body covered with white hairs. For a long time, the creature was considered dangerous, since after a bite, non-healing ulcers remained on the skin. However, later researchers found that the substances contained in the arachnid’s saliva are not poisonous.

Mouse spider

This creature is distinguished by a black body and a bright red head. These arachnids feed on mice and their own relatives. Spiders live exclusively in Australia, in the wild, and settle in pits. The venom of these creatures is toxic to humans, but does not cause death.

How to visually distinguish it from ordinary spiders

Karakurts are small in size. Their body is spherical, slightly teardrop-shaped. The female is 3-4 times larger than the male. Its size varies from 1 to 2 centimeters. The male is only 5 millimeters long. The color of the spiders is radically black, but juveniles may have red or dark orange spots, sometimes with a white or yellow outline. In adult individuals such spots may be absent. European species of black widows, found along the Mediterranean coast, have a characteristic body sheen. The hairline is completely absent.

What does he look like in the photo

Another distinctive feature of karakurts is their long front legs.

How many species of spiders live in Crimea

Spiders are one of the most common and numerous orders, both among arachnids and among animals. There are more than 43,000 varieties known in the world. In comparison with this figure, the number of spider species in Crimea looks modest - about 500 and about 100 on the Kerch Peninsula. Among them are haymakers, orb weavers, eresids, atipuses, and theridiids.

There are only 4 species of dangerous spiders in Crimea. But meeting even one single specimen can ruin your entire vacation.

The most dangerous spiders of the peninsula

Dangerous spiders of Crimea are the tarantula, karakurt, salpuga and argiope. They mostly live in wild, natural environments. People visit a person’s home extremely rarely, but such cases cannot be ruled out.

Who is the common salpuga?

First of all, this is a Red Book animal. Therefore, no matter how creepy the salpuga may look, there is no need to kill it. Although this arthropod could star in horror films without makeup.

The Crimean salpuga has two more names: the South Russian salpuga and the common galleod (Galeodes araneoides). This is not a spider. She has neither poisonous nor arachnoid glands. Solpuga belongs to the phalanx order.

Outwardly, it really looks like a huge spider up to 6 cm in size. The color is yellow-brown, the color of dry grass and fallen leaves. It is difficult to detect salpuga on Crimean soil.

Salpuga's food comes from the truly dangerous inhabitants of Crimea: scolopendras and scorpions. In addition to them, the animal hunts spiders, termites, and woodlice. Does not disdain small lizards.

It does not suck out food, but grinds it with its mandibles. For this reason, a salpuga bite can be dangerous: particles of rotting flesh remain on the mandibles, which can cause a person to become infected with sepsis.

Source

Biology of the species

Description

Let's start the description of the karakurt spider with its size. The species has clearly expressed sexual dimorphism, in which the female has a leg span of twenty millimeters, and the male is only 5-7!

Look at the difference between the sexes in the photo of a male and female karakurt.

Distribution area

Naturally, having heard about dangerous bites, every person is interested in where the karakurt lives. This representative of black widows prefers forest-steppe, steppe and semi-desert zones with a warm climate. Therefore, its habitat is in southern Europe, Central Asia and northern Africa.

As for the post-Soviet space, the black widow is found in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. In the Azov region of Mariupol, Donetsk region of Ukraine, karakurts were also noticed not so long ago.

In Russia, karakurts are also very widespread. This mainly applies to the southern regions of the country and those regions located in the steppe zones. For example, karakurts are often found in the Crimea and the Rostov region, in the Novosibirsk region and the Altai Territory.

In addition, scientists have recorded cases of catching karakurts even at the latitude of the Moscow region, which occurs during the migration of spiders in especially hot years. But such appearances are sporadic, since the black widow cannot endure the harsh winters of the central zone of our country.

The black widow's natural habitats tend to be flat. It can be:

steppes;
arable land;
areas near ravines or artificial ditches;
salt marshes;
wasteland.

Nutrition

The black karakurt feeds on insects that fall into its nets. These are usually the types of arthropods that live directly next to the spiders themselves:

beetles;
grasshoppers;
locusts;
flies and horseflies.

It is interesting that the victims of karakurts are caught in horizontally stretched nets. At the same time, the web of karakurts is not distinguished by the grace of circular lines, but is made as if randomly, but at the same time it is very viscous and does not give the insect caught in it any chance of salvation.

The spider paralyzes the caught insect with poison and then sucks out its liquid tissue.

Reproduction and development

In the summer, spiders, having found a secluded place, begin mating games. The male karakurt creates a patina by scenting it with his pheromones to attract a female. As noted above, after mating, the male is mercilessly eaten, and the female begins to look for a secluded place to lay a clutch, in which she places up to 130 eggs.

Unlike other types of arachnids, the female karakurt forms from two to four cocoons, into which she lays eggs. For oviposition, she uses rodent burrows or similar secluded places. Here she weaves a web, from which she hangs her cocoons. When the autumn cold sets in, the female dies, having only slightly outlived her eaten husband.

The eggs in the cocoon are reliably protected from the cold and easily endure the winter, and in the spring they begin to fight for existence. In autumn, the wind tears the cocoons from the web, and the clutch begins its journey across the steppe, thus expanding the habitat of the species.

The spiderlings appear quickly, within 10-15 days depending on the weather, but they do not leave the cocoon and live in it until next spring. At first, they feed on the food supply that nature has placed inside their body, then they switch to cannibalism, as a result of which only the strongest individuals are selected from the cocoon.

During spring and summer they grow, living through several molts during this time: males - seven times, females - nine.

Enemies of the Karakurts

It turns out that the formidable black widow karakurt is not omnipotent, and many animals not only are not afraid of it, but are also able to feed on them. The natural enemies of spiders are herd animals. A flock of sheep or a herd of horses can trample entire hectares of steppe along with the spiders living there.

Sphex wasps act against karakurts in their own favorite way: they inject poison under their skin, paralyzing and subsequently killing them.

The wasps lay their eggs in cocoons with spiderlings, and then their larvae easily deal with the unprotected spider nymphs.

Finally, the ubiquitous hedgehogs also love to feast on karakurts; they are not afraid of karakurt bites, being protected by armor made of needles.

How do they reproduce?

Spiders are quite prolific. In one year they lay several thousand eggs. Once every few years, massive outbreaks of karakurt reproduction are recorded. To lay cocoons, the female looks for a reliable shelter. Most often, these are various earthen burrows, sewer and ventilation holes, at the entrance to which you can observe a dense layer of cobwebs, chaotic in shape. A favorite place is under the leaves at the base of the plant. There the female lays cocoons, each of which contains more than a hundred eggs. Cocoons remain in such a shelter throughout the cold period, and young spiders hatch in the spring, closer to April-May, when it is already warm enough. After mating, the female very rarely eats the male. This is characteristic only of the Australian species of karakurt. That is why they are called black widows.

In the wild, a spider lives only 1-2 years.

Little spiders are born hungry. To such an extent that sometimes they can eat each other.

Scolopendra

Quite a fast and aggressive creature, armed with poisonous glands. The poison of the Crimean centipede does not pose a danger to a healthy person, which cannot be said about its tropical deadly relatives. Centipede poison is more toxic in spring. Their mucus causes an allergic reaction, even with simple contact. Scolopendras living in the European part reach a length of up to 15 cm and even prey on small lizards.

Characteristic symptoms of a scolopendra bite:

sharp pain when bitten, as if stung by a wasp;
extensive swelling occurs;
temperature rises above 38-39 degrees;
general malaise;
chills.

Symptoms may last 1-2 days. After this, in 99% of cases, the person bitten recovers.

Help is on the spot. Rest, plenty of fluids, painkillers. For children and adults with health problems, it is advisable to consult a doctor.

Where can this happen? Scolopendras are distributed throughout the Crimea, the south of the Krasnodar Territory, the Caucasus, and the Rostov region. They can be found on the coast of the Azov Sea and in the Sochi region. During the day, they like to hide in shady, cool places: under a stone, under a branch, in thick grass.

Like the tarantula, centipedes are nocturnal creatures, so before going to bed you should make sure the tent is tightly closed and check your shoes the next morning.

Argiope: eight-legged wasp

Argiope (Agriope bruennichi) is a large spider, comparable in size to cross spiders. He is beautiful - information for those who can generally see beauty in such animals. Its mode of existence is similar to the little cross, only the first one more often hangs its mud in the grass. It has a characteristic black and yellow stripe color, like a hornet, which is why it is popularly called the wasp spider or “zebra”. Several subspecies of Argiope are found in Crimea.

Argiope is not life-threatening, but can be frightening - its resemblance to a flying insect is enhanced by the sensation of a bite. It bites painfully and usually unexpectedly (in thick grass it is harder to notice than you might think).

Inflammation occurs - exactly the same as in the case of a wasp sting. The difference can be determined by looking closely at the punctures - the wasp leaves one, and the spider leaves two. The treatment is also “anti-wasp” - lubricate it with something anti-allergic. In the vast majority of cases, pain, redness and swelling appear quickly, but after a couple of hours they completely disappear on their own.

Ground beetle - consumer and destroyer: varieties

Different types of beetles have distinctive abilities. Some of them have three eyelids, others two. Larval development takes place within three weeks in small species and up to several months in large ones.

Predatory beetles become especially active at nightfall, while during the day they camouflage themselves in the shade of plants. Insects become especially active in cloudy weather.

According to the type of seasonal activity, beetles are divided into:

spring-autumn;
spring-summer;
summer

The first, spring-autumn ones, demonstrate increased activity precisely in the spring-autumn period. Spring-summer representatives of beetles are active in spring and summer; accordingly, summer is the optimal time of year for summer ground beetles.

Various peaks of activity in beetles primarily depend on the frequency and characteristics of reproduction.

In addition to seasonal activity, the ground beetle (the photo below will not allow you to make a mistake) in the category of obligate predator is divided into several small species:

purple;
golden;
emerald;
shiny, etc.

Each of them has its own description, which allows you to distinguish the insect from the rest. For example, the emerald beetle in adulthood can have a body from 2 to 8 cm long. Insect larvae are distinguished by their elongated elongated shape; they are mostly predators, in some cases herbivores.

The emerald ground beetle pupates in the soil. It feeds mainly on the larvae of other insects, worms and mollusks. Some of their representatives happily feast on vegetation under stones or boards. These types of beetles are found in different parts of the world, do not harm humans, destroying many harmful insects in the garden. A distinctive feature of the caterpillar is its bright color with a pearlescent tint.

Traditionally, the golden ground beetle is found in European countries, Russia and some countries of Central Asia. The beetle feeds on the gypsy moth, one of the garden and vegetable garden pests.

The body length of an adult reaches 30 mm, the body color is green or bronze with a hint of gold. The lower part is black, the front is a bright greenish hue. The beetle's favorite soils are sandy-clayey soils; it lives mainly in gardens and fields, as well as in meadows and arable lands. The beetle larvae camouflage themselves under stones.

Sources

https://BeetleStop.ru/pauki-kryima/
https://fb.ru/article/261630/jujelitsa-kryimskaya-pitanie-i-obraz-jizni
https://givotniymir.ru/zhuzhelica-nasekomoe-obraz-zhizni-i-sreda-obitaniya-zhuzhelicy/
https://poluostrov-krym.com/nashkrym/zhivotny-mir/nasekomye-kryma.html
https://fb.ru/article/167218/kto-takaya-jujelitsa-kavkazskaya
https://trekequip.ru/bezopasnost/jivotnie/yadovitye-pauki.html
https://klopkan.ru/sad-ogorod/zhuzhelitsa-sadovaya/

General signs

As a rule, an ordinary spider has 6 pairs of limbs, but a person can notice only 4 pairs, since the organs of nutrition and touch are formed from the first 2 of them. The animal's body has 2 sections - the cephalothorax and abdomen, which are connected to each other by a thin bridge. If you carefully examine the spider, you will find that the cephalothorax also has a certain division into the chest and head parts using a thin groove. Limbs grow on the chest part, due to which the animal moves and weaves a web.

On the head of the spider there are:

Chelicerae formed by the first pair of limbs.
Pedipalps formed from the second pair of limbs. They serve for the spider both as an organ of touch and as a tool for catching and holding insects.
Eyes.
Oral apparatus.

The majority of species have 8 eyes, although the number of eyes depends on the habitat. So, spiders that live in caves where the sun's rays do not reach do not have eyes as such.

Other poisonous animals of Russia

On the territory of the Russian Federation you can also find other poisonous creatures, for example, scorpions and frogs. Poisonous scorpions live in the Lower Volga region and Dagestan. They attack a person only in case of... The scorpion's venom is on its tail. Female venomous scorpions are especially dangerous. Their poison can cause death in humans.

Other poisonous animals living in Russia are fire-bellied frogs. They can be found in the Krasnodar region. These frogs differ from ordinary frogs in having an orange speckled abdomen. They secrete their poison through the skin.

All spiders are essentially predators; among them there are also poisonous ones, which are worth knowing and fearing! In this article we will provide brief information about spiders that are worth paying special attention to. KARAKURT. The most dangerous spider in Russia, of course, can be called the Karakurt; it lives mainly in the south of Russia (for example, in Crimea), but like other southern spiders it can migrate to other regions during abnormal heat

Karakurt (from the Turkic: “kara” - black and “kurt” - worm) is the owner of a very dangerous poison that can lead to death if help is not provided in time. A karakurt bite causes unbearable pain spreading throughout the body

Only a serum developed against the venom of these spiders can save the bitten person. It is worth saying that only female karakurts are dangerous, which can be identified by a mark on the abdomen made in the form of a red hourglass.

SOUTH RUSSIAN TARANTULA

(mizgir) is a large spider whose venom is not life-threatening. However, its bite causes quite severe pain and can also lead to allergic reactions and the appearance of a tumor at the site of the bite.

HEIRACANTIUM

- is the most poisonous spider in central Russia. Usually hidden under the foliage of bushes and small trees. Attacks when there is danger in self-defense. After a bite, a person feels burning pain, nausea, vomiting, weakness, body aches, body temperature rises sharply, and a headache. The bite site may turn red or even blue and, after some time, becomes covered in blisters. Symptoms usually disappear 2 - 3 days after the bite, the mark on the skin remains longer. If the condition of the bitten person worsens, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

SOLFUGA

- aka salpuga or phalanx. In Russia it is found on the southern coast of Crimea. These creatures are active at night and have a high speed of movement. They can bite in self-defense. The bite is not poisonous, but is quite deep and causes infection, as a result of which the wound begins to fester significantly. Therefore, you should suck out the bite site, spitting out the infected saliva, and then treat the wound with an antiseptic; then it is recommended to lubricate the bite site with a gel (ointment) containing an antibiotic. Well, don’t forget about the doctor; if possible, be sure to seek help.

SPIDER - NETWORKER

- belongs to the subspecies of the cross, but it is much smaller than the usual cross, and its web is more chaotic. The bite is dangerous not because of the spider's venom, but because of the possible infection, so it would be a good idea to see a doctor.

PURSE SPIDER

(bagworm) is an aggressive spider, you can stumble upon it in the Rostov and steppes of the Volgograd region. The bite causes severe pain, affecting large areas of the human body.

FALSE BLACK WIDOW

— Acute pain, fever, weakness - all this will last from several hours to 2 days! Widespread in Dagestan, they like to invade the homes of local residents.

BLACK FASHHEAD

- will also give a feeling of pain for about a day. This spider bites quite rarely, the main thing is not to pick it up.

ARGIOPE

- a very dangerous spider; an allergic reaction to a bite can provoke severe abscesses and even lead to tissue necrosis.

SURVIVE.RU

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Spiders are arthropods that belong to the class of arachnids. Representatives of this class, today, there are about 40 thousand species. They differ from each other in their way of life, appearance, and type of nutrition. There are a wide variety of spider species in nature: the smallest and most harmless spiders (0.37 mm), as well as the most dangerous spiders and even the most poisonous spiders in the world (up to 25 cm). And in this article we will tell you about several amazing and interesting species.

Let's put a cross: biting cross spiders

In many spiders, females are dangerous to humans - they are significantly larger than males (they are simply unable to bite through the skin). This is also true for cross spiders. There are several varieties of them (common Araneus diadematus, diamond-shaped), but they are all similar in habitat, appearance and influence on people.

Krestoviki weave trapping nets and hang them between trees and bush branches. All of them are not rare; many have seen them. A distinctive feature is a light pattern like a cross on the abdomen. These are large spiders - a female, hanging with her legs spread out in the web, can reach 4 cm in “diameter”. They feed on insects.

A cross bite is not dangerous, but can be painful and cause significant local inflammation (up to and including slight necrosis of the tissue around the wound). No special treatment is needed - just lubricate the area with anti-inflammatory agents. If the manifestation is severe, you can take an antiallergen.

Tarantula in Crimea: a serious matter

They are gray in color, shaggy - this can be seen if you look closely, with powerful legs. Yes, these are the largest spiders in Crimea. Their body length sometimes reaches up to 3 cm, with outstretched legs twice as long, but they rarely take this position. The females guarding the cocoons are especially dangerous (they look exactly like cocoons, only with a rather non-standard weave). They often climb into the tents of inattentive tourists.

What arachnids can pose a danger to us. How poisonous are they?

Really, mortally dangerous - only karakurt. Its bite is very painful, and people actually die from the poison. Fortunately, this does not happen often, but only in 4-6% of cases. But it’s realistic to end up in a hospital bed. The Crimean scorpion, scolopendra, tarantula and agriope are also armed with poisonous glands - but they are not deadly.

The strength of the poison depends on several factors. In all arachnids it intensifies several times during the period of mating and egg laying, and this happens in the spring and summer.

Rating of the most dangerous roads in Crimea

Serpentine on Ai-Petri.
The path to this mountain is one of the most winding and lengthy on the peninsula. Driving on the road is very dangerous, even in clear weather.
Boar Pass or Bichke Pass (Crimean Mountains, Baydar Valley).
The road is quite difficult; you can only drive along it with a high-quality SUV.
Belogorsk (42 km from Simferopol) – Privetnoye (Alushta).
It is along this path that you can easily get to the South Coast, but even an SUV can hardly navigate the local dirt road. This is due to many cliffs and potholes.
Sudak - Alushta.
A beautiful route over 80 km long. But drivers hardly get to admire the local scenery, because the road is dotted with potholes, potholes, and sharp turns.
Sudak - New World.
The serpentine road is picturesque, but quite dangerous, with sharp turns and potholes.

Beaches you should avoid visiting

The list of “dangerous beaches of Crimea” includes wild beaches where there is a threat of rock falls and landslides, mainly resort facilities in Sevastopol:

Cape Fiolent,
Orlovka - 2 wild beaches,
Kacha (Sevastopol) - a steep cliff hangs over the entire coastline, so there are practically no safe places for swimming, the only place where you can relax calmly is the beach near the hotel,
Andreevka - the beaches in the southwest and west of the resort are especially dangerous, so rescuers specially collapse them before the start of the swimming season,
the vicinity of Nikolaevka (between Evpatoria and Simferopol).

Relaxing on such beaches is associated with the risk of rock falls or landslides.

Scorpion

An endemic species of scorpion lives in Crimea. It is very small, only 35-40 mm long. The color is light yellow, the claws are brownish. Meeting him is a great rarity and, rather, luck than misfortune. After all, its bite is not fatal. True, it causes poisoning of the body. When bitten, a very strong pain is felt, the place immediately swells. Weakness of the body, decreased pulse rate, and sometimes headache, vomiting, and suffocation may occur. In this case, you need to take anti-allergy tablets and treat the bite site with vinegar or fresh tomato. Doctors say that after these measures, in principle, you can do without their services.

By the way

Snake and insect experts say that when a person is bitten by any animal, the main enemy is not poison, but panic. It is this that, firstly, prevents a person from assessing the situation and taking the first measures, and secondly, panic helps make already unpleasant symptoms seem twice as painful and scary. Many, for example, lose consciousness not so much from the bite itself as from horror. Therefore, experts advise, paradoxical as it may sound, not to panic: after all, a fatal result for our latitudes is very rare.

Do you know that…

According to the Guinness Book of Records, the Brazilian wandering spider is considered the most poisonous spider in the world. This spider got its name because it does not sit in one place and does not weave webs, but actively moves in search of food. It eats insects, other spiders, birds and lizards, and is also very fond of bananas.

Some specimens of this spider are so dangerous that human death can occur within 20-30 minutes if immediate help is not provided.

When to see a doctor

a child or a person weakened by illness is bitten;
the state of health of the bitten person deteriorates sharply;
an allergic reaction began: severe pain and swelling, a rash around the bite site.

Experienced tourists, when bitten by a tarantula while hiking, take a break for several hours, when the symptoms are most severe, and then continue the hike. But these are people who are already familiar with the spider and are ready for all sorts of consequences. It's better to go to the hospital.

There are millions of people in the world who suffer from arachnophobia, that is, the fear of arachnids. And their fears are not groundless: although most of them are completely or relatively safe for humans, among them there are those that threaten life. Spiders of Crimea do not graze their hind legs - in the fauna of the peninsula there are a number of poisonous representatives of eight-legged species, which we will talk about today.